The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test , or Munsell Vision Test, is a test of the human visual system that is often used to test color blindness. This system was developed by Dean Farnsworth in the 1940s and tested the ability to isolate and adjust minute differences in various color targets with constant values ​​and chroma covering all the visual colors described by the Munsell color system. There are several test variations, one featuring 100 color colors and one featuring 15 color colors. Originally taken in an analog environment with physical color tiles, tests are now taken from the computer console. Quantification of accurate accurate color accuracy is important for designers, photographers and colorists, all of which rely on accurate color vision to produce quality content.
Video Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test
Tes penglihatan
100 tes rona
The most common form of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision Test contains four distinct lines of the same color, each containing 25 different variations of each color. Each color of the hue at the end of the pole in a row is fixed in its position, to function as an anchor. Each tile of tiles between the anchors can be adjusted according to what the observer sees. The final arrangement of color tiles represents the visual system's prowess in discriminating color differences. Failure in the observer visual system can be measured as a function of two factors contained in the test; either the number of instances that the tile is misplaced, or the severity of the tile displacement (ie, the distance between where the tile should be placed and where it is actually placed.).
Tiles are arranged in four rows based on color. The lines include orange/magenta, yellow/green, blue/violet and purple/magenta, in that order. The physical derivative of this test is given on a black background to isolate and accentuate color, which is round and about an inch in diameter. The digital derivative of this test is based on square color images, which are also presented on a black background, but can vary in size based on monitor, resolution, zoom and various settings and other external variables. The digital distribution of the 100 Hues test is much more popular because of its easy access for little or no license fees, and a clear degree of accuracy for most audiences. Taking a physical hue test under sound experimental conditions (see Environmental Testing) is much more accurate but the high price of a physical test kit is often expensive
Test D15
The Farnsworth-Munsell D15 Color Vision Test is a longer test version. It consists of one tray, holding 15 independent color tones. The D15 test is arranged in the same way as the 100 Hues test; the same environmental factors are recommended for non-professional results and necessary to collect truly professional results. The main difference between the D15 and 100 Hues tests is the intended collection of qualitative informative results. The 100 Hue test is administered in the pursuit of measurements of individual's overall color vision acuity, while the main purpose of the D15 test is to identify color vision defects, especially red-green and blue-yellow olfactory deficiencies. The most important D15 test to be relevant to the color blind form or the individual suffering with a vision combining protanomali, deuteranomali, protanopia and deuteranopia. For more information on color vision deficiencies or color blindness, see Color Blindness.
Maps Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test
Environmental factors
The Munsell Vision Test relies on a variety of environmental factors to produce accurate and consistent color vision results. Many of these factors are universal in both physical and digital releases of the tests, although some are unique to the test both in itself. CIE has established some basic values ​​and experimental standards for use in both test editions, others are fluid and require only consistency of tests to be tested.
Illuminants
Illuminants are unique locations for locations around the world, but some types of illuminances have been standardized by CIE. Illuminant types D65 and D50 are acceptable for use, but illuminant D50 is recommended for accurate and calibrated color vision test results. The use of different illuminants can affect the results significantly because the distribution of spectral power from alternative sources and their incident effects on how the information displayed is processed by the human visual system. Illuminants containing different concentrations of different wavelength intensity lights rotate the color representation on the screen in a way that would cause the eye to not match the color patch. In combination with the spatial sharpness function of the human visual system, lighting plays an important role in screen color accuracy.
Screen calibration
Combined with ambient scene lighting, several other factors are also integral to environmental standardization testing. Countless screen gamma is a significant factor. When gamma is changed for display, color representation, contrast and saturation are affected proportionally to the magnitude of the gamma curve changes. The CIE recommends a 2.2 gamma value because it is the current manufacturing display standard. Proper professional grade screen calibration is required to obtain accurate test information. Some companies produce portable screen calibration tools. Tools like this take into account the display type and main illumination source of the screen.
There is no standard monitor hardware specification for the Munsell Vision Test digital release. Correct and accurate monitor calibration takes into account the metamerism of the human visual system, a phenomenon that combines several elements of color science to produce visual colors regardless of the difference in source lighting, although ultimately not universally effective.
Formal monitor tests
Tests of Informative subjects conducted at Rochester Institute of Technology's Munsell Color Science Lab found consistent color perception difficulties when the same subjects conducted Munsell Vision Test on a variety of calibrated monitors in tests comparing color vision tests between Apple MacBook Pro laptop screens and Samsung LCD monitors.. The results collected from experiments exemplified by the displays differences can show failure to accurately measure color. The incidence angle on the test monitor is the last source of experimental uncertainty, as very few commercially available monitors are able to accurately represent consistent hue, tone and saturation at all angle incident events to the monitor.
Observer error
Some sources of error (and therefore, lack of inherent accuracy) are directly related to the observer. Although CIE shows some data sets regarding the optimal standard observer, each individual observer is slightly different from the baseline. Factors such as visual acuity, color blindness and visual system defects (cataracts, surgery, LASIK, colored optics, poor cone responsiveness, etc.) are all directly related to the perceptual perception of the color of the observer. The accuracy of the observer test answers is represented in the Test Results
Test results and interpretation
Taking into account the previously discussed error source introduced by environmental factors and observer uncertainty, some digital test sources offer software installations that analyze information collected from testing. The data generated from the X-Rite online test offers several types of information, especially the Total Estimates Score (TES), Color Deprecation Values ​​(CVDT) and Color Deficiency Vision Fear (CVDS). TES is the auto generated value that calculates the number of tiles placed incorrectly and scales values ​​for uniform analysis. The average TES score ranges from thirty to forty series tests; while a score exceeding seventy can lead to a marker for color blindness. A lower score is intended to show significantly increased color vision accuracy, as the TES score correlates directly with the number of incorrectly identified tiles. Based on the axis interpretation of the resulting information, the color vision deficiency type is also determined, based on a straight line plotted to bypass Munsell's color center and the peak point of the highest color errors. This axis is used to determine the tendency of eye color errors. From this information, if a seventy or higher value is returned, the clinical form of color blindness can be estimated based on the location of the CVDT axis. The peak color errors are used to determine the magnitude of the Color Severity Sight observer. The accuracy of the test is relative to the display and based on the correct calibration.
Relevant markets
Some industrial and commercial markets desperately need careful and accurate color vision as well as tests to measure the accuracy of color vision. Among these are divisions such as health care systems, design firms and the photography and film industry. To produce accurate color products, the accuracy of employee vision is also very important.
Design
In the field of design, there are some common uses but it is very important for color accuracy that is highly dependent on the ability of the designer to accurately feel the color. Careers such as graphic design, photography, graphics and color development are common areas that rely heavily on employees with accurate color vision. In addition, paint techniques also rely heavily on employees of color science with the sharpness shown in color vision. Examples of relevant companies include Pantone and Sherwin-Williams.
Health Care
In the medical field, it is important to have a product to measure the patient's color vision. While professional medical vision tests are available, the Munsell Vision Test is often an informal and relevant test to determine the potential need for a more thorough vision test at the hands of pro staff or optometry experts. As mentioned earlier, Munsell-Farnsworth D15 Color Vision Test is a capable and professional method for testing a person.
Motion picture
Motion picture experts also want color vision acuity information for an integral part of post-film production such as color timing and final color correction. Because this process is highly subjective for individuals such as directors and colorants, accurate color vision is essential for the aesthetic appearance of the end of the film. In addition, the engineers involved in the production and chemistry of film and digital system engineering rely on the right color vision to build and engineer the imaging system that accurately senses and represents colors in images and stored displays.
See also
- protanomaly
- deuteranomaly
- protanopia
- deuteranopia
- white dots
- standard illumination
- visual acuity
- gamma correction
- The International Commission on Information
References
External links
- X-Rite Official Website
- X-Rite Partnership with Munsell Color System
- Munsell Color Vision Test Resources Courtesy of X-Rite and Munsell Color System
- Datacolor Official Website
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- RIT Munsell Color Science Lab
- Pantone Online X-Rite Color Challenge
- Official CIE International Commission on Illumination ( France )
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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