NestlÃÆ'Â © S.A. is a Swiss transnational food and beverage company headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014. It is ranked No. 1. 64 at Fortune Global 500 by 2017 and No. 33 on the 2016 edition of Forbes Global 2000 list of the largest public companies.
NestlÃÆ'® products include baby food, medical food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee and tea, confectionery, dairy products, ice cream, frozen food, pet food and snacks. Twenty-nine NestlÃÆ'  © brands have annual sales of over CHF1 billion (about US $ 1.1 Ã, billion ), including Nespresso, Nescafà ©  ©, Kit Kat, Smarties, Nesquik, Stouffer, Vittel, and Maggi. NestlÃÆ' © has 447 factories, operates in 194 countries, and employs approximately 339,000 people. It is one of L'Oreal's major shareholders, the largest cosmetics company in the world.
NestlÃÆ'  © was formed in 1905 by the incorporation of Anglo-Swiss Milk Company, founded in 1866 by the brothers George and Charles Page, and Farine Lactà © à © e Henri Nestlà ©  © , founded in 1866 by Henri NestlÃÆ' ©. The company grew significantly during the First World War and again after the Second World War, expanding its offerings beyond the condensed milk products and early infant formulas. The Company has made a number of company acquisitions, including Crosse & amp; Blackwell in 1950, Findus in 1963, Libby in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988, Klim in 1998, and Gerber in 2007.
NestlÃÆ'Â © has a main list on SIX Swiss Exchange and is a constituent of the Swiss Market Index. It has a secondary list in Euronext.
Video Nestlé
Histori
1866-1900: Tahun awal dan awal
The origin of Nestlà © dates from the 1860s, when two separate Swiss companies were established which would later form the core of Nestlà ©  ©. Over the next few decades, the two competing companies aggressively expanded their business across Europe and the United States.
In 1866, Charles Page (US Consul for Switzerland) and George Page, brothers from Lee County, Illinois, USA, founded Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham, Switzerland. Their first British operation was opened in Chippenham, Wiltshire, in 1873.
In 1867, at Vevey, Henri NestlÃÆ'  © developed a milk-based baby food and immediately marketed it. The following year, Daniel Peter began working for seven years to perfect his invention, the process of making milk chocolate. NestlÃÆ' © is an important collaboration that Peter needed to solve the problem of removing all water from milk added to his chocolate and thus preventing the product from developing the mushrooms. Henri NestlÃÆ'  © retired in 1875 but the company, under new ownership, retained its name as SociÃÆ' © © © Farine Lactà © à © e Henri NestlÃÆ' © .
In 1877, Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to their products; the following year, NestlÃÆ'Â © Company added condensed milk to their portfolio, which made the companies into direct and fierce competitors.
In 1879, Nestle joined the inventor of milk chocolate Daniel Peter.
1901-1989: Merger
In 1904, FranÃÆ'§ois-Louis Cailler, Charles Amà © dà © Ã… © Kohler, Daniel Peter, and Henri NestlÃÆ'  © participated in the creation and development of Swiss chocolate, marketing the first chocolate - NestlÃÆ' © milk.
In 1905, the companies merged into the NestlÃÆ'Â © and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company , retaining the name until 1947 when the name 'NestlÃÆ' Â © Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the Fabrique acquisition. de Produits Maggi SA (founded in 1884) and its parent company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. Maggi is a major producer of soup mixes and related food ingredients. The company's name is currently adopted in 1977. In the early 1900s, the company operated factories in the United States, Britain, Germany, and Spain. The First World War created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and, by the end of the war, the production of NestlÃÆ'Â © had more than doubled.
In January 1919, NestlÃÆ'Â © bought two condensed milk factories in Oregon from the Geibisch and Joplin companies for $ 250,000. One is in Bandon, while the other is in Milwaukie. They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily at the Bandon plant.
NestlÃÆ'  © felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits fell from US $ 20 million in 1938 to US $ 6 million in 1939. The factories were established in developing countries, particularly in Latin America. Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's latest product, Nescafà ©  © ("Nestlà © Â's Coffee"), which became a staple of the US military. Production and sales NestlÃÆ'  © rose in the wartime economy.
After the war, government contracts dried up, and consumers turned back to fresh milk. However, NestlÃÆ'  © management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw the expansion of the first Nestlà © into new products, with chocolate making being the activity of the two most important companies. Louis Dapples was CEO until 1937 when it was replaced by ÃÆ' â € ° douard Muller until his death in 1948.
The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for NestlÃÆ' ©. Growth accelerated and many companies were acquired. In 1947 NestlÃÆ'  joined Maggi, a manufacturer of herbs and soups. Crosse & amp; Blackwell followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libby (1971), and Stouffer (1973). Diversification came with an ownership stake in L'Oreal in 1974. In 1977, Nestlà © à © made its business outside the food industry, by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc.
In the 1980s, an increase in NestlÃÆ'Â's bottomline enabled the company to launch a new round of acquisitions. Carnations were obtained for $ 3 billion in 1984 and brought the yawning brand of milk, as well as Coffee-Mate and Friskies to Nestlà ©  ©. In 1986 NestlÃÆ' © Nespresso S.A. established. The candy maker Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for $ 4.5 billion, carrying brands such as Kit Kat, Smarties, and Aero.
1990-2011: International growth
The first half of the 1990s proved to be beneficial to Nestlà ©  ©. Trade barriers collapsed, and world markets evolved into more or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996, there have been various acquisitions, including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Petfoods (1998), and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 - in June, NestlÃÆ'  © incorporated the US ice cream business into Dreyer's, and in August, US $ 2.6 Ã, billion The acquisition was announced about Chef America, creator of Hot Pockets. In the same timeframe, NestlÃÆ'  © entered in a joint offer with Cadbury and almost bought the iconic American company Hershey, one of the most violent rival competitors, but the deal ultimately failed.
In December 2005, NestlÃÆ' Â © bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for EUR240 Ã, million. In January 2006, he took full ownership of Dreyer's, making it the world's largest ice cream maker, with a market share of 17.5%. In July 2007, completing a deal announced last year, NestlÃÆ'Â Â © acquired the Novartis Pharmaceutical Medical Nutrition division for US $ 2.5 Ã, billion , also acquired, flavoring products milk. known as Ovaltine, "Increase" and "Sources" line of nutritional supplements, and Optifast diet products.
In April 2007, back to its roots, NestlÃÆ' Â © bought baby food manufacturers Gerber for US $ 5,5 Ã, billion . In December 2007, NestlÃÆ' Â © held a strategic partnership with Belgian chocolate maker Pierre Marcolini.
NestlÃÆ' Â © agreed to sell the controlling stake in Alcon to Novartis on January 4, 2010. The sale was to form part of a US $ 39.3 Ã, billion bid by Novartis, for full acquisition of the largest eye care company in the world. On March 1, 2010, NestlÃÆ' Â © concluded the purchase of North American Kraft Foods frozen pizza business for US $ 3.7 Ã, billion .
Since 2010, Nestle has been working to transform itself into a nutritional, health and welfare company in an effort to combat the decline in candy sales and the threat of expanding government regulations on such foods. This effort was led through the NestlÃÆ' Â © Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The Institute aims to develop a "new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that will replace pharmaceutical drugs from pill bottles. The Health Sciences branch has produced several products, such as beverages and protein shakes intended to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.
In July 2011, NestlÃÆ' Â © SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US $ 1.7 Ã, billion . On April 23, 2012, NestlÃÆ'Â © agreed to acquire baby nutrition Pfizer Inc., previously Wyeth Nutrition, a unit for US $ 11.9 Ã, billion , surpassed the combined offer of Danone and Mead Johnson.
2012-present: Recent developments
In recent years, Nestlà ©  © Health Science has made several acquisitions. He acquired Vitaflo, who makes clinical nutrition products for people with genetic disorders; CM & amp; D Pharma Ltd., a company specializing in product development for patients with chronic conditions such as kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm that specializes in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops kiwi-based solutions for gastrointestinal conditions in 2012.
Other recent purchases include Jenny Craig's weight loss program, for US $ 600 Ã, million . NestlÃÆ'  © sells business unit Jenny Craig to North Castle Partners in 2013. In February 2013, Nestlà ©  © Health Science purchased Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate that targets depression, diabetes, and memory loss. In February 2014, NestlÃÆ'  © sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc. Then, in November 2014, NestlÃÆ'  © announced that it is exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.
In December 2014, NestlÃÆ'  © announced that it opened 10 skincare research centers worldwide, deepening its investments in a growing market faster for health care products. That year, NestlÃÆ' menghabiskan spent about $ 350 million for dermatology research and development. The first research center, Health Investigation Center, SHIELD Nestlà ©, will open mid-2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and Sao Paulo, and then others in North America, Asia and Europe. The initiative was launched in partnership with Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as Intel and Bank of America.
NestlÃÆ' Â © announced in January 2017 that it relocated its US headquarters from Glendale, California, to Rosslyn, Virginia outside Washington, DC.
In March 2017, NestlÃÆ'Â © announced that they will reduce sugar content in Kit Kat, Yorkie and Aero chocolate bars by 10% by 2018. In July following a similar announcement about reducing sugar content in breakfast cereals in the UK.
The company announced a $ 20.8 billion buyback of shares in June 2017, following the issuance of a letter written by Third Point Management co-founder Daniel S. Loeb, Nestlà © 's fourth largest stakeholder with 3.5 billion dollars, explaining how the company should change business structure. As a result, the company will reportedly focus its investments in sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health care industry.
In September 2017, NestlÃÆ'Â © S.A. acquired a majority stake in Blue Bottle. While the financial details of the deal were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestle is understood to pay up to $ 500 million to 68 percent stake in Blue Bottle". Blue Bottle hopes to increase sales by 70% this year.
In September 2017, NestlÃÆ' Â © USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a vegetable-based food manufacturer based in California, for an undisclosed amount.
In January 2018, NestlÃÆ'Â Â Â Â Â USA announced the sale of US confectionery business to Ferrero, chocolate maker and Italian candy. The company was sold for a total of about $ 2.8 billion.
In May 2018 it was announced that Nestlà ©  © and Starbucks reached a $ 7.15 billion distribution deal, allowing Nestlà ©  © to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee variety into Nestlà tunggal's single serving system  ©, expanding overseas market for both companies.
Maps Nestlé
Corporate affairs and governance
NestlÃÆ'Â © is the largest food company in the world, with a market capitalization of about 231 billion Swiss francs, which is more than US $ 247 billion in May 2015.
In 2014, consolidated sales amounted to CHF 91.61 billion and a net profit of CHF 14.46 Ã, billion. The research and development investment is CHF 1.63 Ã, billion.
- Sales per category in CHF
- 20.3 billion powder and liquid drinks
- 16.7 billion dairy products and ice cream
- 13.5 billion preparing food and cookware
- 13.1 billion nutrition and health sciences
- 11.3 billion petcare
- 9.6 billion candy
- 6.9 billion waters
- Percentage of sales by geographic area description
- 43% of Americans
- 28% of Europe
- 29% of Asia, Oceania, and Africa
According to a global online consumer survey by 2015 Joint ventures
Joint ventures include:
- Cereal Partners Worldwide with General Mills (50%/50%)
- Worldwide Beverage Partners with The Coca-Cola Company (50%/50%)
- Lactalis NestlÃÆ' Â © Produits Frais with Lactalis (40%/60%)
- NestlÃÆ' Â © Colgate-Palmolive with Colgate-Palmolive (50%/50%)
- NestlÃÆ' Â © Indofood Indonesian flavor with Indofood (50%/50%)
- NestlÃÆ'Â Â Snow with Branded Snow Milk Products (50%/50%)
- NestlÃÆ' Â © Modelo with Grupo Modelo
- Dairy Partners America Brazil with Fonterra (51%/49%)
Board of Directors
In 2017 the board consists of:
- Paul Bulcke, chairman and former CEO of Nestlà ©  ©
- Andreas Koopmann, former CEO of Bobst
- Beat Hess, former general legal/advisory director for ABB Group and Royal Dutch Shell
- Renato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO Credit Suisse
- Steven George Hoch, founder of Highmount Capital
- Naina Lal Kidwai, former CEO of HSBC Bank India, head of state for HSBC in India
- Jean-Pierre Roth, former Chairman of the Swiss National Bank
- Ann Veneman, former US Secretary of Agriculture and Director of UNICEF
- Henri de Castries, former CEO and Chairman of AXA
- Eva Cheng, former Executive Vice President of China and Southeast Asia for Amway
- Ruth Khasaya Oniang'o, former Kenyan Parliament member, current professor at Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy
- Patrick Aebischer, former President ÃÆ' â € ° cole Polytechnique FÃÆ'Â © dÃÆ' Â © rale de Lausanne
Lobby
The company involves a third party lobbying company to engage with parliament and government in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company involves Etched Communications.
Products
NestlÃÆ'Â © has more than 8,000 brands with a wide variety of products in a number of markets, including coffee, bottled water, milkshakes and other beverages, breakfast cereals, baby food, health and nutrition performance, seasonings, soups and sauces, frozen and refrigerated foods, and pet food.
Food safety
Dairy products and baby food
At the end of September 2008, the Hong Kong government found melamine in Nestlà ©  © n made Chinese milk products. Six babies died of kidney damage, and 860 other infants were hospitalized. Dairy Farm Milk is made by the NestlÃÆ' © division in the coastal city of China, Qingdao. NestlÃÆ'  © confirms that all its products are safe and not made from milk mixed with melamine. On October 2, 2008, Taiwan's Ministry of Health announced that six types of milk powder manufactured in China by NestlÃÆ' © contain low melamine footprints, and were "removed from the shelves".
In 2013, NestlÃÆ'  © has implemented initiatives to prevent contamination and use so-called "factories and farmers" that eliminate intermediaries. Farmers bring milk directly to the Nestlà © network collection center, where samples of computerized systems, testing, and marking each batch of milk. To further reduce the risk of contamination at the source, the company provides ongoing training and assistance to farmers in the selection of cattle, feed quality, storage, and other areas. In 2014, the company opened the Nestlà ©  © Food Safety Institute (NFSI) in Beijing that will help meet China's growing demand for healthy and safe food, one of the top three concerns among Chinese consumers. NFSI announced it will work with authorities to help provide a scientific basis for food safety policies and standards, with support to include initial management of food safety issues and collaboration with local universities, research institutes and government agencies on food safety.
In an incident in 2015, borer and mushroom beetles are found in Cerelac baby food.
Cookie dough
In June 2009, the outbreak of E15 coli O157: H7 was attributed to the NestlÃÆ' Â © refrigerated cookie dough originating from the factory in Danville, Virginia. In the US, it causes illness in more than 50 people in 30 states, half of them in need of hospitalization. After the outbreak, NestlÃÆ'Â © voluntarily recalled 30,000 cases of cake dough. The cause is suspected to be contaminated flour obtained from raw material suppliers. When the operation is continued, the flour used is heat treated to kill the bacteria.
Mie Maggi
In May 2015, Food Security Regulators from Uttar Pradesh, India found that NestlÃÆ'® Maggi's main noodle sample has been up to 17 times more than the permitted safe lead limit in addition to monosodium glutamate. On June 3, 2015, the New Delhi Government banned Maggi sales in New Delhi stores for 15 days for discovering lead and monosodium glutamate in edible places beyond the permitted limits. Some of India's biggest retailers such as Future Group, Big Bazaar, Easyday, and Nilgiris have imposed a national ban on Maggi on June 3, 2015. On June 3, 2015, NestlÃÆ'Â © India fell 11% due to the incident. The Gujarat FDA on June 4, 2015, bans noodles for 30 days after 27 of 39 samples are detected with unpleasant metal tin levels, among others. On June 4, 2015, the share of NestlÃÆ'Â © fell 3% above concerns related to its safety standards. On June 5, 2015, Food Security and Indian Standard Authority (FSSAI) ordered banning all nine variants of Maggi's instant noodles approved from India, calling them "unsafe and dangerous" for human consumption. As of June 5, 2015, Nepal borderlessly forbade Maggi due to concerns about the level of lead in the product. On June 5, 2015, the Food Safety Agency, UK launched an investigation to find the level of lead in Maggi. Mie Maggi has been withdrawn in five African countries - Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and South Sudan by the super-market chain after complaints by the Kenya Consumer Federation, in reaction to the ban in India.
In August 2015, the Indian government announced to the public that they were seeking damages of nearly $ 100 million from Nestlà ©  © India for "unfair trade practices" after the June ban on Maggi noodles. The 6,400 million rupee suit was filed with the National Commission for Consumer Dispute Disputes (NCDRC), considered a consumer court over the state, but settled on 13 August 2015. The court ruled that the government's ban on NestlÃÆ' ©  © products was "arbitrary" and " "principles of natural justice. "Although Nestlà ©  © was not ordered to pay the requested fines in government clothing, the court ruled that the Maggi noodle producer had to" send five samples of each Maggi batch [noodles] for testing into all three laboratories and only if tin was found lower than would be allowed they start production and sales again. "Although the tests have not been done, NestlÃÆ' © has destroyed 400 million Maggi product packages.
In India, Maggi products are returned to the shelves in November 2015, accompanied by NestlÃÆ'Â © n advertising campaigns to win back the trust of members of the Indian community. At this time, the song Maggi by Vir Das and Alien Chutney takes over the country by storm. NestlÃÆ' Â © resumed Maggi production in all five plants in India on November 30, 2015.
Sponsors
Music and Entertainment
Walt Disney World In 1993 a plan was made to update and modernize the overall tone of Walt Disney's EPCOT Center, including a major overhaul of The Land's pavilion. Kraft Foods withdrew its support on 26 September 1993, with NestlÃÆ' mengambil taking its place. Financed jointly by Nestlà ©  © and Walt Disney World Resort, the gradual renovation of the pavilion began on September 27, 1993. In 2003, NestlÃÆ'  © renewed its sponsorship of The Land; However, it is under the agreement that NestlÃÆ' © will oversee its own improvements both for interior and exterior pavilions. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent a major renovation. NestlÃÆ'  © stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.
Music festival On August 5, 2010, NestlÃÆ'Â © and the Beijing Music Festival signed an agreement to extend with three years of NestlÃÆ'â € â„¢ s sponsor of this international music festival. NestlÃÆ'Â © Â © has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership until 2013.
NestlÃÆ' Â © has partnered with the Salzburg Festival in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, NestlÃÆ' Â © renewed its sponsorship for the Salzburg Festival until 2015.
Together, they have created the "Nestlà ©  © and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award," an initiative aimed at finding young conductors globally and contributing to the development of their careers.
Sports
Cycling NestlÃÆ'  © sponsorship of the Tour de France began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move that indicates the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, Nestlà ©  © Waters and Tour de France organizers announced that their partnership will continue through 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will be spread across four major brands from the product portfolio of NestlÃÆ' ©: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.
In 2014, NestlÃÆ' Â © Waters sponsored the English leg of the Tour de France through the Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand. In 2002, NestlÃÆ' Â © announced the premier sponsor for the English rugby league team Lionesses Female for the second tour of the Australian team with its Munchies product.
Youth Sports On January 27, 2012, the International Association of Athletics Federations announced that Nestlà ©  © will be a major sponsor for the further development of the IAAF Children's Athletics Program, one of the world's largest grass roots development programs. The five year sponsorship begins in January 2012. On February 11, 2016, NestlÃÆ'  © decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF Children's Athletics Program due to doping and allegations of corruption against the IAAF. NestlÃÆ'  © followed him after other major sponsors, including Adidas, also stopped supporting the IAAF.
Sports Nutrition NestlÃÆ' Â © supports the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in a number of areas of nutrition and fitness, funding Fellowship positions at AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities at AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and development of educational resources for use in AIS and in the public domain.
Controversy and criticism
NestlÃÆ'Â © baby boycott formula
The boycott was launched in the United States on July 7, 1977, against Swiss-based NestlÃÆ'Â © n company. It spread in the United States, and extended to Europe in the early 1980s. This is fueled by concerns about the "aggressive marketing" of NestlÃÆ'Â © breast milk substitutes, particularly in less-developed economically (LEDCs), mostly among the poor. The boycott was officially suspended in the US in 1984, after NestlÃÆ'Â © agreed to follow the international marketing code passed by the World Health Organization. The boycott also ended in Britain by several organizations including the British Church General Synod in July 1994, the Royal College of Midwives in July 1997, and Methodist Ethical Investment Committee in November 2005 and the Reformed Church in November 2011 as a result of the company's inclusion in the investment index answer FTSE4 Responsible Investment Insight.
The boycott was relaunched in 1989.
Since 2011, NestlÃÆ' © is the only formula producer that meets the 104 criteria of breastfeeding substitute marketing (FTSE4Good BMS Criteria) from the FTSE4 Responsible Investment Index. NestlÃÆ'  © is included in the index based on the results of independent and transparent verification conducted by Pricewaterhouse Coopers every 18 months. Every year since 2009, Bureau Veritas undertakes an independent assurance of compliance with Nestlà ©  © Policy and Guidelines for the Implementation of the WHO's International Substitute Marketing Marketing Code. Their Warranty Statement is available in the public domain.
In May 2011, the debate about unethical baby formula marketing was relaunched in the Asia-Pacific region. Nineteen leading international Lao NGOs, including Save the Children, Oxfam, CARE International, Plan International and World Vision have launched NestlÃÆ' © s boycott and written an open letter to the company. The independent audit of NestlÃÆ' ©  's marketing practices in Laos was commissioned by Nestlà ©  © and carried out by Bureau Veritas at the end of 2011. The audit found that "the WHO Code requirements and Lao PDR Decisions are well embedded throughout the business", but that "promotional materials at 4 % of visited retail outlets "violates the Lao Decision or WHO Code.
Possible competition violation
In May 2011, the debate about unethical baby formula marketing was relaunched in the Asia-Pacific region. Nineteen leading international Lao NGOs, including Save the Children, Oxfam, CARE International, Plan International and World Vision have launched NestlÃÆ' © s boycott and written an open letter to the company. Among other unethical practices, NGOs criticized the lack of labeling in Laos and providing incentives to doctors and nurses to promote the use of infant formula. In November 2011, Bureau Veritas was commissioned by NestlÃÆ'  © S.A. to provide an independent compliance guarantee NestlÃÆ'  © Indochina with NestlÃÆ' ©  policy for the implementation of the WHO World Health Code (WHO) on the Marketing of Breast-Replacement (1981). There is no significant evidence to suggest NestlÃÆ'  © Indochina systematically operates by violating the WHO Code and Laos PDR Decree in Laos. The presence of promotional materials in the retail unit is a discrepancy, and Bureau Veritas recommends that the Nestlà © Policy and the Manual of Procedures on Breast-milk substitute Marketing be reviewed and updated to ensure consistency against the more stringent requirements of Laos. Decree. Ernest W. Lefever and the Center for Ethics and Public Policy were criticized for accepting a $ 25,000 contribution from Nestlà ©  while the organization is in the process of developing a report investigating medical care in developing countries that have never been published. It is thought that this contribution affected the release of the report and caused the report's authors to submit articles to Fortune Magazine praising the company's position.
NestlÃÆ' © has been investigated in China since 2011 on allegations that the company bribed hospital staff to obtain patient medical records and encourage its baby formula to boost sales. It was found to violate Chinese regulations in 1995 aimed at ensuring the impartiality of medical staff by banning hospitals and academic institutions from promoting instant family formulas. As a result, six Nestlà ©  © employers were given prison sentences of between one and six years.
Status of Drinking Water
At the second World Water Forum in 2000, Nestlà © à © and other companies persuaded the World Water Council to change its statements thereby reducing access to drinking water from "rights" to "necessities". NestlÃÆ' © keeps controlling their aquifers and bottles of water for profit. Peter Brabeck-Letmathe then changed his statement.
Debt Ethiopia (2002)
In 2002, NestlÃÆ' Â © demanded that the Ethiopians pay the US $ 6 million debt to the company at a time when Ethiopia suffered from severe hunger. NestlÃÆ' Â © withdrew from its request after more than 8,500 people complained via e-mail to the company about his treatment of the Ethiopian government. The Company agreed to reinvest the money it received from Ethiopia back into the country. In 2003, NestlÃÆ'Â © agreed to accept the offer of 1.5 million US dollars, and donated the money to three charities active in Ethiopia: the Red Cross, Caritas, and UNHCR.
Child labor
In 2005, after the cocoa industry did not meet the Harkin-Engel Protocol deadline to declare that the worst forms of child labor (according to the International Labor Organization Convention 182) were removed from the production of chocolate, the International Labor Rights Fund filed a lawsuit in 2005 under Tortilla Torta Claim Act against NestlÃÆ'Â © and the other on behalf of three children Mali. The lawsuit accused the boys of being trafficked to Ivory Coast, forced into slavery, and often suffered beatings on brown plantations. In September 2010, the US District Court for the Central District of California determined that the company could not be held responsible for violations of international law and refused the lawsuit. This case was filed with the US Court of Appeals. The Ninth Court of Appeals Court reversed the decision. In 2016, the US Supreme Court refused to hear Nestle's appeal of the Ninth Circuit decision.
The 2010 Dark Side of Chocolate documentary drew attention to the purchase of cocoa beans from the Ivory Coast plantation using child slave labor. Children are usually 12 to 15 years old and some are trafficked from neighboring countries. The first accusation that child slavery was used in the production of chocolate appeared in 1998. By the end of 2000, a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in chocolate production in West Africa. Other media were followed by reporting on the widespread child slavery and child trafficking in cocoa production. In September 2001, Bradley Alford, Chairman and CEO of Nestlà ©  © AS, signed the Harkin-Engel Protocol (commonly called the Cocoa Protocol), an international agreement aimed at ending child labor in cocoa production.
The 2014 Assessments of Shared Hazelnut Supply Chain In Turkey, published by the Fair Labor Association, identified "a total of 46 child laborers under 15 years" as well as "a total of 83 young workers (between 15 and 18 years old) working at the same hour as adults and performing the same dangerous and heavy tasks, such as carrying heavy bags of hazelnuts weighing 70 kilograms.
Chocolate pricing
In Canada, the Competition Bureau raided the NestlÃÆ' © Canada office (along with Hershey Canada and Mars Canada) in 2007 to investigate the issue of chocolate pricing. It is said that executives with Nestlà ©  © (makers KitKat, Coffee Crisp, and Big Turk) colluded with competitors in Canada to raise prices.
The bureau alleges that rival executives meet at restaurants, coffee shops and conventions, and Nestlà © à © Canada CEO Robert Leonidas once submitted an envelope containing his company's pricing information, saying: "I want you to hear it from above - I take my price seriously. "
Nestlà © à © and other companies are subject to class action lawsuits for pricing after the raids were announced in 2007. NestlÃÆ'  © settled for $ 9 million, without recognizing obligations, subject to court approval in the new year. The big action-class lawsuit continues in the United States.
Package claim (2008)
A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlà ©  © against the Canadian Advertising Standard after NestlÃÆ' mengambil took a full-page ad in October 2008 claiming that "Most water bottles avoid waste dumps and recyclables," "NestlÃÆ' © Pure Life is a choice which is healthy, environmentally friendly, "and that" Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world. "A spokesman for one of the environmental groups stated:" For NestlÃÆ' © to claim that its bottled water product is superior to other consumer products in the world can not be supported. " In their 2008 Corporate Citizenship Report, NestlÃÆ' © itself states that many of their bottles end up in solid waste streams, and most of their bottles are not recycled. The ad campaign has been called greenwashing. NestlÃÆ'  © defended his ad, saying that they would show that they have been honest â € <â € The former forest overseer, Gene Zimmerman, has made it clear that the review process is very strict, and that the Forest Service "has no money or budget or staff" to follow up on the review of the outdated NestlÃÆ' © s old permits. However, Zimmerman's observations and actions have been under the spotlight for a number of reasons. First, along with the natural resource manager for Nestlà © Ã… ©, Larry Lawrence, Zimmerman is a board member for and plays an important role in the founding of the nonprofit Southern California Mountain Foundations, where NestlÃÆ'® is the most important and long-standing donor. Secondly, the Zimmerman Community Partnership Award - an award inspired by Zimmerman's actions and efforts "to create public/private partnerships for resource development and community engagement" - presented by the foundation for Nestlà © à © Arrowhead Water division in 2013. Finally, while Zimmerman retired from his previous role in 2005, he currently works as a paid consultant to NestlÃÆ' ©, leading many investigative journalists to question Zimmerman's loyalty before retiring from the Forest Service. In April 2015, the city of Cascade Locks, Oregon and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, which uses water for salmon hatcheries, are applied with the Oregon Department of Water Resources to permanently trade their water rights to Nestlà ©  ©; an action that does not require a public interest review. NestlÃÆ' © approached them in 2008 and they have considered to trade their well water with Oxbow Springs water in Oregon, a public water source in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenery Area, and to sell springs in over 100 million gallons of water per year to NestlÃÆ' ©. The plan has been criticized by legislators and 80,000 residents. The 250,000-square-foot Nestle bottling plant, $ 50 million in Cascade Locks with an 18.8 percent unemployment rate will have 50 employees and will increase the property-tax collection by 67 percent. In May 2016, Hood River County voters voted 69 percent to 31 percent for the size of a ballot to ban major bottling operations in the area, but at Cascade Locks, a police station in Hood River County, voters voted against the ballot size, 58 percent up to 42 percent. As a result, city council Cascade Locks voted 5-to-1 to keep fighting. Soon afterwards, Governor Kate Brown directed state officials to stop the important water rights exchanges for the deal, citing fiscal reasons rather than environmental reasons. NestlÃÆ' © later admitted that the exchange "will not go forward", marks a definite end to the planned bottling operation. Although a 2005 court settlement gave NestlÃÆ'  © the right to pump 250 gallons per minute (GPM) from a well in the unincorporated Osceola City, Osceola County, Michigan, NestlÃÆ' © has tried to raise the tariff to 400 GPM. The bottled water is sold under the Ice Mountain Spring label. The local planning commission rejected the application to build a booster station to increase the capacity of the water-delivering pipeline to a water truck depot some distance from the city. Locals face considerable grassroots opposition to the plan, with 55 opponents testifying against the proposal at a meeting attended by nearly 500 people in July 2017. The court process has been costly for the small town, which received the only compensation of the annual pumping cost of $ 200. Regarding the Michigan Safe Water Safety Act of 1976, section 17, the action sparked by NestlÃÆ' ©                          Bill Cobbs, the current Democratic governor candidate said, "This is wrong - when this law was written in 1976, it never it is intended that the water will be sold. "The" David vs Goliath "situation is increasingly attracting national attention. NestlÃÆ'  © approached pure water as a commodity. In 1994, Helmut Maucher, CEO of Nestlà © commented, "The springs are like oil, you can always build a chocolate factory, but the springs you have or do not own." His successor, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, was criticized when, in a 2005 documentary, he also promoted and rationalized the commodification of water, saying: "One perspective held by various NGOs - what I call extreme - is that water must assert human rights. Ukrainian boycott of products NestlÃÆ'  © made in Russia
In August 2015, Ukrainian TV channel Ukrayina refused to hire a worker from the weekly magazine Krayina , Alla Zheliznyak, as host of the cooking show because she speaks Ukrainian. Request to rent only Russian-speaking host allegedly arranged by the event sponsor - Nesquik, which is a brand of NestlÃÆ'  © SA Vidsich civil rights activist held a rally near the company's office in Kiev, accused NestlÃÆ'  © discrimination against people who speak the language Ukraine and supporting Russification of Ukraine. They also added that goods sold in Ukraine are produced in Russia. Activists are threatening to initiate a boycott campaign against Nestlà ©  © if they do not meet their requirements. In September 2015, there was "Russia killing!" Flashmob protests against NestlÃÆ'  © products manufactured in Russia.
Forced labor in Thai fishery industry
At the conclusion of a year-long self-investigation in November 2015, NestlÃÆ'Â © revealed that seafood products sourced in Thailand were produced by forced labor. NestlÃÆ'Â © is not a big seafood buyer in Southeast Asia, but do some business in Thailand - especially for Purina cat food. The study found that almost all US and European companies that buy seafood from Thailand are exposed to the same risk of abuse in their supply chains. This type of disclosure is a surprise to many in this industry because international companies rarely recognize violations in the supply chain.
NestlÃÆ'Â © is expected to launch a year-round program by 2016 that focuses on protecting workers throughout its supply chain. The Company has pledged to impose new requirements on all potential suppliers, train boat owners and captains on human rights, and hire auditors to check compliance with new rules.
Deforestation
In September 2017, an investigation conducted by NGO Perkasa Earth found that the large amount of chocolate used in chocolate produced by Nestlà ©  © and other large chocolate companies was illegally planted in national parks and other protected areas in Ivory Coast and Ghana. Countries are the two largest chocolate producers in the world.
This report documents how in some national parks and other protected areas, 90% or more of the land has been converted to cocoa. Less than four percent of Ivory Coast remains heavily forested, and the laissez-faire approach of chocolate companies to gain resources has encouraged extensive deforestation in Ghana as well. In Côte d'Ivoire, deforestation has encouraged chimpanzees to be just a few small pockets, and reduced the elephant population in the country from a few hundred thousand to about 200-400.
NestlÃÆ'Â © spoken ( French pronunciation: Ã, [n? Sle] ; English : , previous: ).
Bibliography
- La stratÃÆ' Â © gie NestlÃÆ'Â © (NestlÃÆ' Â © Strategy), Helmut Maucher, French translation by Monique Thiollet, Maxima Ed., Paris, 1995, ISBNÃ, 2840010720
See also
- Cerelac
- NestlÃÆ' Â © Smarties Book Prize
- Big Chocolate
- Farfel the Dog
- Nestlà ©  © Tower
- Competitors
- PepsiCo
- Kraft Heinz
- Mondelez International
- Unilever
- Mars, Entered
- Sara Lee
- Cadbury
- Danone
- Ferrero SpA
Notes and references
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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