Queens is the most eastern and largest in the five districts of New York City. Geographically adjacent to the Brooklyn borough on the southwestern tip of Long Island, and to Nassau County further east on Long Island; In addition, Queens shares water borders with Manhattan and Bronx districts. Bordering Queens County since 1899, the Queens region is the second largest population (after Brooklyn), with an estimated census of 2,358,582 people by 2017, about 48% of whom were born overseas. Queens County is also the second most populous area in New York state, New York, behind the nearest Brooklyn borough, which borders Kings County. Queens is the fourth most populous county in the New York City district, as well as in the United States. If each region of New York City is an independent city, Queens will also be the fourth most populous country, after Los Angeles in California, Chicago in Illinois, and Brooklyn. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.
Queens was founded in 1683 as one of the 12 original New York districts. The settlement may have been named the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705), Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Queens became a borough during the New York City consolidation in 1898, and from 1683 to 1899, County Queens included what is now Nassau County.
Queens has the most diverse economy of five areas in New York City. It is home to JFK International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. These airports are among the busiest in the world, which in turn gives Queens the busiest airspace in the United States. Landmarks in Queens include Flushing Meadows Corona Park, Citi Field (home of the New York Mets baseball team), USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center (US Open tennis tournament), Kaufman Astoria Studios, Silvercup Studios and Aqueduct Racetrack. Borough has a variety of housing, ranging from high-rise apartment buildings in urban areas in west and central Queens, such as Jackson Heights, Flushing, Astoria, and Long Island City, to the fewer suburban neighborhoods in the eastern borough, including Little Neck, Douglaston, and Bayside.
Video Queens
History
Colonial and postcolonial history
European colonization brought the Dutch and British settlers, as part of the New Dutch colony. The first settlement occurred in 1635 followed by early colonization at Maspeth in 1642, and Vlissingen (now Flushing) in 1643. Other early settlements included Newtown (now Elmhurst) and Jamaica. However, these cities were mostly inhabited by British settlers from New England through eastern Long Island (Suffolk County) subject to Dutch law. After the capture of colonies by the British and renaming as New York in 1664, the area (and all of Long Island) was known as Yorkshire.
The Flushing Remonstrance signed by the colonists in 1657 was considered a precursor to the provisions of the United States Constitution on religious freedom in the Bill of Rights. Opponents protested the oppression by the Dutch colonial government against the Quakers in what is now the territory of Queens.
Initially, Queens County including the adjacent area now consists of Nassau County. It was the original area of ​​New York State, one of the twelve created on November 1, 1683. The district was assumed to be named Catherine of Braganza, as she was the queen of England at the time (she was the daughter of the Portuguese daughter of Catarina King John IV of Portugal). The district was set up alongside Kings County (Brooklyn, named after her husband, King Charles II), and Richmond County (Staten Island, named after her illegitimate son, First Duke of Richmond). However, the namesake is being debated; while Catherine's title appears to be the most likely name, there is no historical evidence of the official declaration it has found. On October 7, 1691, all districts in the New York Colony were redefined. Queens acquires North Brother Island, the South Brother Island, and Huletts Island (today known as Rikers Island). On December 3, 1768, Queens acquired other islands on Long Island Sound that had not been set for an area but it did not border Westchester County (now the Bronx County).
Queens played a small part in the American Revolution, compared to Brooklyn, where the Battle of Long Island largely fought. Queens, like the rest of what became New York City and Long Island, remained under British occupation after the Battle of Long Island in 1776 and occupied most of the rest of the Revolutionary War. Under the Quartering Act, British soldiers are used, as barracks, public lodgings and Queens residents' uninhabited buildings. Although many locals oppose unfounded quartering, sentiment across the region remains in favor of the British crown. Quartering of soldiers in private homes, except in times of war, is prohibited by the Third Amendment of the US Constitution. Nathan Hale was captured by the British on the coast of Flushing Bay in Queens before being executed by hanging in Manhattan to gather intelligence information.
From 1683 to 1784, Queens County consists of five cities: Flushing, Hempstead, Jamaica, Newtown, and Oyster Bay. On April 6, 1784, a sixth city, the City of North Hempstead, was formed by secession by the northern part of Hempstead City. The local government seat lies first in Jamaica, but the courthouse was demolished by the British during the American Revolution to use materials to build the barracks. After the war, various buildings in Jamaica temporarily served as courthouses and prisons until a new building was erected around 1787 (and then completed) in the area near Mineola (now in Nassau County) later known as Clowesville.
The 1850 census was the first in which residents from three western cities outpaced the three eastern cities that are now part of Nassau County. Concerns arise about the conditions and distance of the old courthouse, and several sites are competing for the construction of new buildings.
In 1870, Long Island City broke away from Newtown City, combining itself as a city, consisting of what had become Astoria Village and several unrelated areas within the City of Newtown. Around 1874, the regional administrative center was moved to Long Island City from Mineola.
On March 1, 1860, the eastern border between Queens County (later Nassau County) and Suffolk County was redefined without noticeable change.
On June 8, 1881, North Brother Island moved to New York County. On May 8, 1884, Rikers Island was moved to New York County.
In 1885, Lloyd Neck, part of Oyster Bay City and formerly known as Queens Village, broke away from Queens and became part of Huntington City in Suffolk County.
On April 16, 1964, South Brother Island was moved to Bronx County.
Merge as borough
Borough Queens in New York City was authorized on May 4, 1897, by New York State Legislative ballot after the 1894 referendum on consolidation. 280 square miles east (730 km 2 ) from Queens that became Nassau County was partitioned on January 1, 1899.
Queens Borough was founded on January 1, 1898. Long Island City, Newtown, Flushing, and Jamaican cities, and the Peninsula Rockaway section of Hempstead City merged to form a new territory, dissolving all former town governments (Long Island). City, local government, all cities, and all villages) in new territory. The Queens County region that is not part of the consolidation plan, comprising the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay, and the main remaining part of Hempstead Town, remained part of Queens County until they broke away to form the new Nassau County. on January 1, 1899. At this point, the boundaries of Queens County and the Borough of Queens became bordered. With consolidation, Jamaica once again became the county seat, although regional offices now extend to nearby Kew Gardens as well.
The administrative buildings and borough courts are currently located at Kew Gardens and downtown Jamaica respectively, two neighborhoods that are villages of the former City of Jamaica.
From 1905 to 1908, Long Island Rail Road in Queens became electrically powered. Transport to and from Manhattan, previously by ferry or over the bridge in Brooklyn, opened with the Queensboro Bridge completed in 1909, and with a rail tunnel under the East River in 1910. From 1915 onwards, many Queens connect to New York City Subway system. With the 1915 Steinway Tunnel development carrying IRT Flushing Line between Queens and Manhattan, and the strong expansion of car use, the Queens population increased more than doubled in 1920, from 469,042 in 1920 to 1,079,129 in 1930.
In the following years, Queens was the site of the 1939 New York World Exhibition and New York 1964 World Exposition. LaGuardia Airport, in northern Queens, was opened in 1939. Idlewild Airport, south of Queens and now called JFK Airport, opened in 1948. American Airlines Flight 587 took off from the last airport on 12 November 2001, but eventually fell in Queens' Belle Harbor area, killing 265 people. In late October 2012, many areas of Breezy Point in Queens were destroyed by a large six-alarm fire caused by Hurricane Sandy.
Maps Queens
Geography
Queens is located in the western part of Long Island and includes several small islands, mostly located in Jamaica Bay, which is part of the Gateway National Recreation Area, which in turn is one of New York Harbor National Parks. According to the US Census Bureau, Queens County has a total area of ​​178 square miles (460 km 2 ), which is 109 square miles (280 km 2 )) and 70 square miles (180 km 2 ) (39%) is water.
Brooklyn, the only other district in New York City on Geographic Long Island, is located in south and west Queens, with Newtown Creek, an estuary that flows into the East River, forming part of the border. To the west and north is the East River, on the other side is Manhattan to the west and the Bronx to the north. Nassau County is east of Queens on Long Island. Staten Island is southwest of Brooklyn, and only has a 3 mile water border (in Outer Bay) with Queens.
The Rockaway Peninsula, the southernmost of all Long Island, is located between Jamaica Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, featuring Queens's most famous public beach. Flushing Bay and Flushing River are in the north, connecting to the East River. The East River opens onto Long Island Sound. The center of Queens's body was crossed by Long Island located at a glacier terminal made by Wisconsin Glacier.
Borough scapes
Climate
Under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification, using 32Ã, ° F (0Ã,  ° C) coldest months (January), summer, and all of New York City has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with partial protection from the Appalachian Mountains. and moderate influence of the Atlantic Ocean. Queens receives abundant rainfall throughout the year with 44.8 at (1,140 mm) each year. The extremes range from 107Ã,  ° F (41.6 Ã,  ° C) to -3Ã,  ° F (-19,4Ã,  ° C). Winter is relatively mild compared to other parts of New York State, although snow is common and snow storms occur every 4-6 years. The springs are unpredictable and can get very warm. Summer is hot, humid, and wet. Autumn is similar to spring, while snow generally starts in December.
Nearby district
- Bronx County (Bronx) (north)
- Nassau County (east)
- Kings County (Brooklyn) (west)
- New York County (Manhattan) (northwest)
Nearby Areas
The four postal zones of the United States Postal Service serve Queens, which is roughly based on those who serve the consolidated five city districts to New York City: Long Island City (postal code begins with 111), Jamaica (114), Flushing ( 113)), and Far Rockaway (116). In addition, the post office of Floral Park (110), based in Nassau County, serves a small portion of North East Queensland. Each main post office has an environmental station with an individual ZIP code, and unlike other districts, these station names are often used in mail handling. These Postal codes do not necessarily reflect the names and restrictions of the traditional environment; "East Elmhurst", for example, was mostly created by the USPS and not the official community. Most environments do not have a strong limit. The Forest Hills and Rego Park environments, for example, overlap.
Queens residents are often closer to their environment than to regions or cities. The borough is a patchwork of dozens of unique environments, each with its own distinct identity:
- Flushing, one of Queens's largest neighborhoods, has a large and growing Asian community. The community consists of Chinese, Korean and South Asian. Asians have now extended eastward along the North Boulevard axle through Murray Hill, Whitestone, Bayside, Douglaston, Little Neck, and finally to nearby Nassau County. This environment historically contains Italian and Greek Americans, as well as Latin Americans.
- Howard Beach, Whitestone, and Middle Village are home to a large population of Italian Americans.
- Ozone Park and Ozone Park South have large Italian, Hispanic, and Guyana populations.
- The Rockaway Beach has a large Irish American population.
- Astoria, in the northwest, is traditionally home to one of the largest Greek populations outside of Greece, also has a population of Latin America, Albanian America, Bosnian America, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, America and Italy America, as well as homes for the Arab population, South Asia, and young professionals who flourished from Manhattan. Nearby Long Island City is the main commercial center and home to Queensbridge, North America's largest housing project.
- Maspeth and Ridgewood are home to many Eastern European immigrants such as Romania, Poland, Serbia, Albania, and other Slavic populations. Ridgewood also has a large Hispanic population.
- Jackson Heights, Elmhurst, and East Elmhurst form a conglomeration of Hispanic, Asian, Tibetan, and South Asian communities.
- Woodside is home to a large Filipino community of America and has "Little Manila" as well as a large Irish American population. There are also many Filipino Filipinos in Queens Village and in Hollis.
- Richmond Hill, in the south, is often regarded as "Little Guyana" for the large Guyana community.
- Rego Park, Forest Hills, Kew Gardens, and Kew Gardens Hills have traditionally large Jewish populations (historically from Germany and Eastern Europe, although newer immigrants are from Israel, Iran and the former Soviet Union). This environment is also known for the large and growing Asian community, especially immigrants from China.
- Jamaica Estates, Jamaica Hills, Hillcrest, Fresh Meadows, and Hollis Hills are also populated by many people with Jewish backgrounds. Many Asian families are in the Fresh Meadows section as well.
- Jamaica is home to a large population of African American and Caribbean. There are also middle-class African-American and Caribbean environments such as Saint Albans, Queens Village, Cambria Heights, Springfield Park, Rosedale, Laurelton, and Briarwood along east and southeast Queens.
- Bellerose and Floral Park, home to many Irish Americans, is home to a growing South Asian population, especially Indian Americans.
- Corona and Corona Heights, once considered "Little Italy" in Queens, are an Italian-dominated community with a strong African American community in the north of Corona and adjacent East Elmhurst. From the 1920s to the 1960s, Corona remained a close environment. Corona currently has the highest concentration of Latino in any Queens neighborhood, with a growing Chinese population of descent, located between Elmhurst and Flushing.
Demographics
Population estimate
Since 2010, the Queens population estimated by the US Census Bureau has increased by 5.7% to 2,358,582 by 2017 - the estimate population of Queens represents 27.4% of the New York City population of 8,622,698; 30.0% of the Long Island population of 7,869,820; and 11.9% of the New York State population of 19,849,399.
According to the 2012 census estimate, 27.2% of the population is Non-Hispanic White, 20.9% Black or African American, 24.8% Asian, 12.9% of some other races, and 2.7% of two or more race. 27.9% of Queens's population comes from Hispanic or Latino (of any race).
The New York City Department of Planning is feared by a negligible reported population increase between 2000 and 2010. Areas with a high proportion of immigrants and undocumented foreigners are under-appreciated for various reasons, often based on mistrust of government officials or reluctance to be identified. In many cases, the number of empty apartment units does not match with data from local surveys and reports from property owners.
In the 2000 US Census, there were 2,229,379 people, 782,664 households, and 537,690 families living in the area. Population density is 20,409.0 population per square mile (7,879.6/km ²). There are 817,250 housing units with an average density of 7,481.6 per square mile (2,888.5/km²). District racial makeup is 44.08% White, 20.01% Black or African American, 0.50% Native Americans, 17.56% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Island, 11.68% of other races, and 6 , 11% of two or more races. 24.97% of the population are Hispanic or Latino from any race.
Ethnic group
According to Claritas research in 2001, Queens is the most diverse area in the United States among a population of more than 100,000 inhabitants. A 2014 analysis by Atlantic found Queens County to be the 3rd most racially equivalent country in the United States - behind the Aleutians West Census Area and Aleutians East Borough in Alaska - as well as the most diverse areas of New York. In Queens, approximately 48.5% of the population were born overseas in 2010. Of these, 49.5% were born in Latin America, 33.5% in Asia, 14.8% in Europe, 1.8% in Africa, and 0.4% in North America. About 2.1% of the population was born in Puerto Rico, US territory, or abroad for American parents. In addition, 51.2% of the population was born in the United States. Approximately 44.2% of the population above 5 years speaks English at home; 23.8% speak Spanish at home. Also, 16.8% of the population spoke other Indo-European languages ​​at home. Another 13.5% speak non-Indo-European Asian or Pacific Island languages ​​at home.
Among Asian populations, ethnic Chinese make up the largest ethnic group in Queens's 10.2% population, with about 237,484 people; East and Southeast Asia groups are: Korea (2.9%), Philippines (1.7%), Japan (0.3%), Thailand (0.2%), Vietnam (0.2%) and Indonesia and Burma both make up 0.1% of the population. South Asian populations make up 7.8% of Queens population: India (5.3%), Bangladesh (1.5%), Pakistan (0.7%), and Nepal (0.2%).
Among Hispanic populations, Puerto Rico forms the largest ethnic group at 4.6%, in addition to Mexicans, who make up 4.2% of the population, and Dominicans at 3.9%. Central America reached 2.4% and most were Salvadorans. South America constituted 9.6% of Queens population, mainly from Ecuador (4.4%) and Colombian descent (3.2%).
Some of Europe's main ancestors in Queens in 2000 include:
- Italy: 8.4%
- Ireland: 5.5%
- Germany: 3.5%
- Poland: 2.7%
- Russian: 2.3%
- Greece: 2.0%
Hispanic or Latino populations increased 61% to 597,773 between 1990 and 2006 and now account for 26.5% of the borough population. Queens is now home to hundreds of thousands of Latins and Hispanics:
- Queens has the largest Colombian population in the city, accounting for 76.6% of the city's total population of Colombia, for a total of 80,116.
- Queens has the largest Ecuadorian population in the city, accounting for 62.2% of Ecuador's total city, totaling 101,339.
- Queens has the largest Peruvian population in the city, accounting for 69.9% of Peru's total city population, totaling 30,825.
- Queens has the largest Salvadoran population in the city, accounting for 50.7% of the city for a total population of 25,235.
- The Mexican population of Queens has risen 45.7% to 71,283, the second highest in the city, after Brooklyn.
Queens is home to 49.6% of the population of Asian cities. Among the five regions, Queens has the largest population of China, India, Korea, Philippines, Bangladesh and Pakistan America. Queens has the largest Asian-American population by region outside the Western United States; according to the 2006 US Community Survey, Queens ranks fifth among US countries with 477,772 (21.18%) Asian Americans, behind Los Angeles County, California, Honolulu County, Hawaii, Santa Clara County, California and Orange County , California.
The region is also home to one of the highest concentrations of American Indians in the country, with an estimated population of 144,896 in 2014 (6.24% of the 2014 borough population), as well as Pakistani Americans, totaling 15,604. Queens has the second largest Sikh population in the country after California.
In 2010, Queens held a disproportionate share of several Asian communities in New York City, relative to the overall population, as follows:
- Chinese: 200.205; 39.8% of China's total population in this city.
- Indian: 117,550; 64% of Asian Indian population.
- Korean: 64.107; 66.4% of the city's total city population.
- Filipino: 38,163; 61.3% of the total population of the Philippine city.
- Bangladesh: 18,310; 66% of the total population of Bangladesh city.
- Pakistan: 10,884; 39.5% of the total population of the city of Pakistan.
Queens has the third largest Bosnian population in the United States behind just St. Louis and Chicago, which number more than 15,000.
The Jewish Community Study of New York 2011, sponsored by the New York-based Federation, found that about 9% of Queens's population is Jewish. In 2011, there were about 198,000 Jews in Queens, making it home to about 13% of all people in Jewish homes in the eight districts of Five Borough and Westchester, Nassau and Suffolk County. Russian-speaking Jews account for 28% of the Jewish population in Queens, the largest in one of eight districts.
There were 782,664 households where 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.9% were married couples living together, 16.0% had unmarried female households present, and 31.3% is non-family. 25.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.7% have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.39.
In this area, the population is spread by 22.8% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% 65 years or older. The average age is 35 years. For every 100 women, there are 92.9 men. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 89.6 men.
The average income for households in the area is $ 37,439, and the average income for families is $ 42,608. Men have an average income of $ 30,576 compared to $ 26,628 for women. The per capita income for the county is $ 19,222. Approximately 16.9% of families and 24.7% of the population are below the poverty line, including 18.8% of those under the age of 18 and 13.0% of those aged 65 and older. In Queens, the black population produces on average more than white. Many of these African Americans live in quiet, middle-class suburban neighborhoods near the Nassau County border, such as Laurelton and Cambria Heights, which have large black populations whose family income is higher than average. The migration of European Americans from the Queens section has long been taking place with departures from Ozone Park, Woodhaven, Bellerose, Floral Park, and Flushing, etc. (Most of the outgoing population has been replaced by Asian Americans). Environments such as Whitestone, College Point, Flushing North, Auburndale, Bayside, Middle Village, Little Neck, and Douglaston have not experienced a massive exodus of whites, but have seen an increase in Asian populations, mostly Chinese and Koreans. Queens has experienced a real estate boom that makes most of its environment particularly desirable for people who want to live near Manhattan in a less urban environment.
Culture
Queens has become the center of major artistic movements in the form of punk rock with The Ramones of Forest Hills, has also been the home of famous artists such as Tony Bennett, Francis Ford Coppola, Paul Simon, and Robert Mapplethorpe. The current poet poet in Queens is Paolo Javier.
Queens mainly fosters African-American culture, with places like The African Poetry Theater and the Black Spectrum Theater Company that cater specifically to African Americans in Queens. In the 1940s, Queens was an important jazz center; jazz characters like Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker, and Ella Fitzgerald took up residence in Queens, seeking refuge from the segregation they found elsewhere in New York. In addition, many of the famous hip-hop acts come from Queens, including Nas, Run-D.M.C., Kool G Rap, A Tribe Called Quest, LL Cool J, Mobb Deep, 50 Cent, Nicki Minaj, and Heems of Das Racist.
Queens hosts various museums and cultural institutions that serve its diverse communities. From historical (such as John Bowne House) to scientific (such as New York Hall of Science), from conventional art galleries (such as the Noguchi Museum) to unique graffiti exhibitions (such as 5 Pointz). Queens cultural institutions include, but are not limited to:
- 5 Pointz
- The African Poetry Theater
- Bowne House
- Flushing Town Hall
- King Manor
- MoMA PS1
- Moving Image Museum
- Noguchi Museum
- Hall of Science New York
- Queens Botanical Gardens
- Queens Museum of Art
- SculptureCenter
- The Society of Hindu Temples of North America
- Jamaica Arts and Learning Center
- Jamaican Performing Arts Center
Lonely Planet travel magazine also named Queens as the country's premier destination for 2015 due to its cultural and culinary diversity. Stating that Queens is "quickly becoming the coolest" but that "most travelers have never given a hint... yet," The Lonely Planet states that "there is no place in New York as global melting. right from Queens. "
Language
There are 138 languages ​​spoken in the region. In 2010, 43.84% (905,890) Queens residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as the primary language, while 23.88% (493,462) spoke Spanish, 8.06% (166,570) Chinese, 3, 44% (71,054) Indian languages, 2.74% (56,701) Korea, 1.67% (34,596) Russia, 1.56% (32,268) Italy, 1.54% (31,922) Tagalog, 1.53% 31,651) Greek, 1.32% (27,345) French Creole, 1.17% (24,118) Poland, 0.96% (19,868) Hindi, 0.93% (19,262) Urdu, 0.92% (18,931) Asian languages other, 0.80% (16,435) other Indo-European languages, 0.71% (14,685) French, 0.61% (12,505) Arabic, 0.48% (10,008) Serbo-Croatian, and Hebrew spoken as the main language by 0.46% (9,410) of the population over the age of five. In total, 56.16% (1,160,483) residents of Queens age 5 and older speak a mother tongue other than English.
Food
Cuisine available at Queens reflects the vast diversity of cultures. Certain environmental dishes often represent demographics; for example, Astoria has many Greek restaurants, according to the traditional Greek population. Jackson Heights is known for its famous Indian cuisine as well as many Latin American restaurants.
Government
Since the consolidation of New York City in 1898, Queens has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides a powerful mayoral council system. The centralized New York City Government is responsible for public education, prisons, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services in Queens. The Queens Library is governed by a 19-member Supervisory Board, designated by New York City Mayor and Borough President of Queens.
Since 1990, President Borough has acted as an advocate for boroughs in mayoral institutions, the City Council, the New York state government, and companies. Queens' Borough President is Melinda Katz, elected in November 2013 as a Democrat with 80.3% of the vote. Queens Borough Hall is the seat of government and is located in Kew Gardens.
The Democratic Party holds most public offices. Sixty-three percent of registered Queens voters are Democrats. Local party platforms center on affordable housing, education and economic development. The controversial political issues in Queens include the construction, noise, and housing costs.
Each of the five city areas has its own criminal court system and the DA, the main public prosecutor directly elected by popular vote. Richard A. Brown, who ran on both Republican and Democratic tickets, has been a Queens County District Attorney since 1991. Queens has 12 seats in the New York City Council, the second largest number in five districts. It is divided into 14 community districts, each served by the local Community Council. The Community Council is the representative body that complains and serves as a supporter for the local population.
Although Queens is very Democratic, it is considered a regional swing in New York politics. The Republicans' top performing political candidates typically win elections across cities or across the state. Republicans such as former Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg won the majority in Queens. Republican Senator Serphin Maltese represented a district in central and south Queens for twenty years until his defeat in 2008 by Democratic Town Council member Joseph Addabbo. In 2002, Queens voted against Republican Governor of New York's George Pataki who supported his Democratic counterpart, Carl McCall with a thin margin.
However, Queens has not elected a Republican candidate in the presidential election since 1972, when Queens voters voted for Richard Nixon over George McGovern. Since the 1996 presidential election, the Democratic presidential candidate has received more than 70% of popular votes in Queens.
Economy
Queens has the second largest economy in five areas of New York City, after Manhattan. In 2004, Queens had 15.2% (440,310) of all private sector employment in New York City and 8.8% of private sector wages. Queens has the most diverse economy of the five areas, with relatively equally distributed jobs in the health care, retail, manufacturing, construction, transportation, and film and television production sectors, so no single sector is so dominant.
Diversification in Queens' economy is reflected in the large number of jobs in the export-oriented economy - such as transportation, manufacturing, and business services - serving customers outside the region. It accounts for more than 27% of all Queens jobs and offers an average salary of $ 43,727, 14% greater than work in locally oriented sectors.
The largest employment sector in the region - trade, transportation, and utilities - accounted for nearly 30% of all work in 2004. Queens is home to two of New York City's three main airports, JFK International Airport and LaGuardia Airport. These airports are among the busiest in the world, leading the airspace above Queens to be the most congested in the country. The aviation industry is very important to the Queens economy, providing nearly a quarter of the sector's employment and over 30% of the sector's wages.
Education and health services were the next largest sector in Queens and made up nearly 24% of borough work in 2004. The manufacturing and construction industry in Queens is the largest of the City and accounts for nearly 17% of private sector employment in the borough. Consisting almost 17% of Queens jobs are information, financial activities, and the business and professional services sector.
In 2003, Queens had nearly 40,000 business firms. Small businesses act as an important part of the region's economic vitality with two-thirds of all businesses employing between one and four people.
Some large companies have headquarters in Queens, including Bulova clockmakers, based in East Elmhurst; internationally renowned piano manufacturer Steinway & amp; Children at the Astoria; GlacÃÆ' Â © au, maker of Vitamin Water, headquartered in Whitestone; and JetBlue Airways, an airline based in Long Island City.
Long Island City is a large manufacturing and back office center. Flushing is a major commercial center for Chinese American and Korean American businesses, while Jamaica is a major civil and transport hub for the region.
Sports
Citi Field is a 41,922-seat stadium opened in April 2009 at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park which is the home baseball stadium of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball. Shea Stadium, former home of the Mets and New York Jets of the National Football League, as well as the temporary home of the New York Yankees and New York Giants Football Team standing in the Citi Field parking lot are now in operation from 1964 to 2008.
The US Open tennis tournament has been played since 1978 at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, located south of Citi Field. With a capacity of 23,771, Arthur Ashe Stadium is the largest tennis stadium in the world. The US Open was previously played on the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills. South Ozone Park is home to Aqueduct Racetrack, operated by the New York Racing Association and offers Thoroughbred horse racing from late October/early November to April.
Landmarks New York City
Transportation
According to the 2010 Census, 36% of all Queens households do not own a car; city ​​level is 53%. Therefore, mass transit is also used.
Airport
Queens is very important in international and interstate air traffic, with two of the three major metropolitan New York airports located there.
John F. Kennedy International Airport, with 27.4 million international passengers by 2014 (out of 53.2 million passengers, overall), is the busiest airport in the United States by international passenger traffic. Owned by New York City and managed since 1947 by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, airport runways and six terminals cover an area of ​​4,930 hectares (2,000 hectares) in Jamaica Bay in southeast Queens. The official airport name is New York International Airport, though it is commonly known as Idlewild, with its name changed to Kennedy in December 1963 in honor of the newly assassinated president.
LaGuardia Airport is located in Flushing, in northern Queens, in Flushing Bay. Originally opened in 1939, two airport runways and four terminals include 680 hectares (280 hectares), serving 28.4 million passengers by 2015. In 2014, citing outdated conditions at the airport terminal, Vice President Joe Biden compared LaGuardia with a "third world country". In 2015, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey embarked on a $ 4 billion project to reconstruct the terminal and entrances of LaGuardia Airport completely, with an expected completion in 2021.
Public transport
Twelve New York City Subway routes pass through Queens, serving 81 stations on seven main lines. Line A, G, and J/Z, and M connects Queens to Brooklyn without going through Manhattan first. Trains F, M, N, and R connect Queens and Brooklyn through Manhattan, while E, W, and 7/& lt; 7 & gt; the train connects Queens to Manhattan only.
The commuter train system, Long Island Rail Road, operates 22 stations in Queens with services to Manhattan, Brooklyn and Long Island. Jamaica Station is the central station where all the lines are in the system but one (Port Washington Branch) meets. This is the busiest commuter rail center in the United States. Sunnyside Yard is used as a staging area by Amtrak and NJ Transit for intercity and commuter trains from Penn Station in Manhattan. 61st Street - Woodside acts as one of many LIRR connections to the New York City Subway. Higher AirTrain driver systems connect JFK International Airport to New York City Subway and Long Island Rail Road along the Van Wyck Expressway; a separate AirTrain system is planned with Grand Central Parkway to connect LaGuardia Airport to this transit system. The plan was announced in July 2015 to fully rebuild LaGuardia Airport alone on a multibillion-dollar project to replace old facilities, and the project will accommodate the new AirTrain connection.
About 100 local bus routes operate in Queens, and 20 other express routes drive passengers between Queens and Manhattan, under the New York City MTA bus and the MTA Bus.
A tram line connecting Queens with Brooklyn was proposed by the city in February 2016. The planned schedule calls for service to begin around 2024.
Air transit
A scheduled year-round ferry service connects Queens and Manhattan. New York Water Taxi operates services across East River from Hunters Point on Long Island City to Manhattan on 34th Street and south to Pier 11 on Wall Street. In 2007, a limited business day service started between Breezy Point, the westernmost point in Rockaways, to Pier 11 via the Brooklyn Army Terminal. Weekend weekend services provide services from Lower Manhattan and southwest Brooklyn to Gateway beaches on the peninsula.
In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012, massive infrastructure damage to IND Rockaway Line ( A train) to the south of Howard Beach - JFK Airport station cut off all direct subway connections between the Rockaway Peninsula and Broad Channel, Queens and Queens mainland for months. SeaStreak ferry operators began running the city's subsidized ferry service between emergency ferry skies at Beach 108th Street and Beach Channel Drive in Rockaway Park, Queens and Pier 11/Wall Street, then proceeded to East 34th Street Ferry Landing. In August 2013, a stop was added at the Brooklyn Army Terminal. Originally intended as only a temporary alternative transportation step until the subway service was restored to the Rockaways, the ferry proved to be popular with both commuters and tourists and extended several times, as city officials evaluated the number of passengers to determine whether to build services on a permanent basis. Between early and December 2013, the service has brought nearly 200,000 riders. When the city government announced its budget by the end of June 2014 for the fiscal year to come from July 1, the ferry only received an additional $ 2 million more, just temporarily extend it again through October, but did not receive the approximately $ 8 million plunder required to keep the service running for the full fiscal year. Despite last-minute efforts by local transport supporters, civilian leaders and elected officials, the ferry service ended on October 31, 2014. They promised to continue efforts to restore the service.
In February 2015, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that the city government would start an all-city ferry service called NYC Ferry to extend ferry transportation to communities in cities traditionally inappropriate by public transport. The ferry opened in May 2017, with the Queens neighborhoods Rockaway and Astoria served by their eponymous routes. The third route, East River Ferry, serves Hunter's Point South.
Road
Highway
Queens is traversed by three east-west highways. The Long Island Expressway (Interstate 495) runs from the Queens Midtown Tunnel to the west through a small area to Nassau County on the east. Grand Central Parkway, whose western tip is the Triborough Bridge, extends eastward to the Queens/Nassau border, where the name changes to the Northern State Parkway. Belt Parkway starts at Gowanus Expressway in Brooklyn, and extends east to Queens, past the Racetrack Track and JFK Airport. At its eastern end on the Queens/Nassau border, it splits into the eastern Southern State Parkway, and the Cross Island Parkway turning north.
Ada juga beberapa jalan raya utama di utara-selatan di Queens, termasuk Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (Interstate 278), Van Wyck Expressway (Interstate 678), Clearview Expressway (Interstate 295), dan Cross Island Parkway.
Streets
The streets of Queens are styled in a semi-grid system, with a street name numerical system (similar to Manhattan and Bronx). Almost all north-south oriented roads are "Roads", while the east-west highway is "The Way", starting with the number 1 in the west for Streets and north for Avenues. In some parts of the region, several consecutive streets may share numbers (for example, 72nd Street followed by 72nd Place and 72nd Lane, or 52nd Avenue followed by 52nd Road, 52nd Drive, and 52nd Court), often causing confusion for non-residents.. In addition, alignments that are not aligned with the road network, unusual paths due to geography, or other circumstances often lead to skipping numbers (for example, on Ditmars Boulevard, 70th Street followed by Hazen Street followed by 49th Street). Numbered roads tend to be settlements, although commercial streets are numbered not infrequently. Quite a few streets that were rural roads in the 18th and 19th centuries (mainly main roads such as North Boulevard, Queens Boulevard, Hillside Avenue, and Jamaica Avenue) carry names rather than numbers, usually though not uniformly called "Boulevards" or "Parkways".
Queens house numbering is designed to make it easy to find the address itself; the first half of the number in the Queens address refers to the nearest intersection, the second half refers to the home number or the lot from which the path starts from the intersection, followed by the street name itself. For example, to find an address on Queens 14-01 120th Street, one can confirm from the address structure itself that the address listed is at the intersection of 14th Avenue and 120th Street, and the address should be closest to 14th Avenue than from 15th Avenue, since this is the first place on the block. This pattern does not stop when the street name, assuming that there is an existing numbered junction. For example, Queens College is located at 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, and so named because the intersection of the road closest to the entrance is 65th Avenue.
Many of the Queens village street grilles have only name words, some are numbered according to the local numbering scheme, and some have a mix of words and numbers. In the early 1920s, the "Philadelphia Plan" was instituted to coat a number system across the region. The Topographic Bureau, Borough of Queens, compiled the details. Subway stations are only partially renamed, and some, including those on the IRS Flushing Line line ( 7 and & lt; 7 & gt; ), now share names double after the original road name. In 2012, several numbered roads in Hill Douglaston Historic District were renamed to their real names, with 43rd Avenue being Pine Street.
The Rockaway Peninsula does not follow the same system as any other region and has its own numbering system. The streets are numbered in ascending order westward from near the Nassau County border, and beginning with the word "Beach." The streets at the easternmost end, however, are almost all named. Bayswater, located in Jamaica Bay, has numbered streets beginning with the word "Bay" rather than "Beach". Another deviation from the norm is Broad Channel; maintaining the development of north-south numbering but using only the suffix "Road," as well as the prefix "West" and "East," depending on the location relative to Cross Bay Boulevard, the main street of the neighborhood. Broad Channel streets were a continuation of Queensland's mainland network in the 1950s; previously the highest number road in Queens is 208th Avenue rather today 165 Avenue at Howard Beach & Hamilton Beach. Another exception is the Ridgewood neighborhood, which mostly shares grid and house numbering systems with the Brooklyn neighborhood at Bushwick. The network extends east-west from the LIRR Bay Ridge Branch to Flushing Avenue; and north-south of Forest Avenue in Ridgewood to Bushwick Avenue in Brooklyn before adjusting to meet the Bedford-Stuyvesant network on Broadway. All roads on the grid have names.
Bridges and tunnels
Queens is connected to the Bronx by the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, the Throgs Neck Bridge, the Triborough Bridge (Robert F. Kennedy), and the Hell Gate Bridge. Queens is connected to Manhattan Island by Triborough Bridge, Queensboro Bridge, and Queens Midtown Tunnel, as well as to Roosevelt Island by Roosevelt Island Bridge.
While most of the Queens/Brooklyn border is on land, the Kosciuszko Bridge crosses Newtown Creek that connects Maspeth to Greenpoint, Brooklyn. The Pulaski Bridge connects McGuinness Boulevard at Greenpoint to 11th Street, Jackson Avenue, and Hunters Point Avenue in Long Island City. The J. J. Byrne Memorial Bridge (a.k.a. Greenpoint Avenue Bridge) links the parts of Greenpoint Avenue in Greenpoint and Long Island City. The smaller bridge connects Grand Avenue in Queens to Grand Street in Brooklyn.
The Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge, built in 1939, crosses Jamaica Bay to connect the Rockaway Peninsula to Broad Channel and the rest of Queens. Built in 1937, the Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge connects Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn's longest street, with Jacob Riis Park and the western tip of the Peninsula. Both crossings are built and continued to be operated by what is now known as the MTA Bridge and Tunnel. IND Rockaway Line parallel to Cross Bay, has a mid-bay station on Broad Channel just a short walk from Jamaica Bay Wildlife Reserve, now part of the Gateway National Recreation Area and a major stop on the Atlantic Flyway.
Education
Primary and secondary education
Queens and secondary school education is provided by a large number of public and private institutions. Public schools in the region are managed by the New York City Department of Education, the largest public school system in the United States. Most private schools are affiliated with or identify themselves with Roman Catholic or Jewish religious communities. Townsend Harris High School is Queens's public high school for humanities that has consistently been upgraded as one of the top 100 high schools in the United States. One of the nine High Schools in New York City is located in Queens. Located at York College, the University of New York Campus in Jamaica, Queens High School for the Sciences at York College, which places an emphasis on science and mathematics, ranks as one of the finest High Schools both in State and State. This is one of the smallest High Schools that requires entrance exams, Special High School Admissions Test. The school has a student body of about 400 students.
postsecondary institutions
- Bramson ORT College is a college graduate in New York City operated by the American branch of the World ORT Jewish Foundation. The main campus is in Forest Hills, Queens, with a satellite campus in Brooklyn.
- LaGuardia Community College, part of City University of New York (CUNY), is known as "The Community Community College" for its international student body representing over 150 countries and speaking in 100 languages. The college was named the National Institution of Excellence by the Center for Policy in the First Year of Higher Education and one of the three largest universities in the United States. The college hosts the LaGuardia and Wagner Archives.
- Queens College is one of the elite colleges in the CUNY system. Founded in 1937 to offer a strong liberal arts education to residents of the district, Queens College has over 16,000 students including over 12,000 students and over 4,000 graduate students. Students from 120 different countries speak 66 different languages ​​enrolled in the school, located in Flushing. Queens College also hosts CUNY law school. Queens College Campus is also home to Townsend Harris High School and Queens College School for Mathematics, Science and Technology (PS/IS 499). Queensborough Community College, originally part of the State University of New York, is in Bayside and is now part of CUNY. It prepares students to attend colleges especially in the CUNY system.
- St. John University is a private Roman Catholic university founded in 1870 by the Vinsensian Fathers. With over 19,000 students, St. John's is known for his pharmaceutical, business and legal programs as well as men's basketball and soccer teams. Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology is a private, state-of-the-art, award-winning institution located across the Grand Central Parkway from LaGuardia Airport. Its presence underscores the importance of flights to the Queens economy.
- York College is one of CUNY's leading general-purpose liberal arts colleges, providing undergraduate degrees in over 40 fields, as well as a BS/MS in Occupational Therapy. Noted for his Health Sciences Program, York College is also home to the Northeast Food and Drug Administration Office.
Queens Library
The Queens Borough Public Library is a public library system for the district and one of three library systems serving New York City. Returning to the first Queens library foundation in Flushing in 1858, the Queens Borough Public Library is one of the largest public library systems in the United States. Separate from the New York Public Library, it consists of 63 branches throughout the region. In fiscal year 2001, the Library reached a circulation of 16.8 million. First circulated in New York State since 1985, the Library has maintained the highest circulation of city libraries in the country since 1985 and the highest circulation of any library in the country since 1987. The library stores collections in many languages, including Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Russian, Haiti, Poland, and six Indian languages, as well as smaller collections in 19 other languages.
Famous people
Various public figures have grown or lived in Queens. Musicians who have lived in the region include LL Cool J rappers, A Tribe Called Quest, Nas, Mobb Deep, Action Bronson, Onyx, Ja Rule, 50 Cent, Run-D.M.C., Nicki Minaj, Rich The Kid; Jason Griffiths Music Executive (Capitol Records) singer Nadia Ali, and Tony Bennett; rock duo Simon & amp; Garfunkel; and guitarists Scott Ian and Johnny Ramone. Actors like Adrien Brody, Lucy Lucy, and Idina Menzel have been born and/or raised in Queens. Actress Mae West also lives in Queens. Authors from Queens include John Guare ( House of Blue Leaves) and Laura Z. Hobson ( Gentleman's Agreement ). Doctor Joshua Prager was born in Whitestone. Mafia boss John Gotti has lived in Queens for many years.
Donald Trump, a businessman who became the 45th President of the United States, was born at the Medical Center of Jamaica Hospital and grew up at 81-15 Wareham Place in Jamaica Estates, then moved to Midland Parkway. He was preceded at the White House by former First Ladies Nancy Reagan, who lived in Flushing as a child and Barbara Bush, who was born at Booth Memorial Hospital in Flushing. Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President, lived at Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay since the mid-1880s until he died; the area was considered part of Queens until the formation of adjacent Nassau County in 1899.
Queens has also been home to athletes such as professional basketball player Rafer Alston Basketball player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Metta World Peace both born in Queens, like Olympic athlete Bob Beamon. Tennis star John McEnroe was born in Douglaston. Hall of Fame Whitey Ford baseball launcher grew up in Astoria. Queens also acts as a setting for fictional characters such as Peter Parker of Marvel Comic, a character growing up in Forrest Hills with his Aunt and Uncle.
See also
- List of districts in New York
- List of Historic Historic Places of Interest in Queens County, New York
Note
References
Further reading
- Copquin, Claudia Gryvatz. The Neighborhood of Queens (Yale University Press, 2007); Guide for 99 environments
- Glascock, Mary A. Annotated Bibliography on the History of Queens County, New York (Queens College, 1977) 218 ​​â € <â €
- Lieberman, Janet E. and Richard K. Lieberman. City Limit: Queens's Social History (Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1983)
- McGovern, Brendan, and John W. Frazier. "Ethnic Development Grows in Queens: The Historical and Current Power Reforming Human Geography." Focus on Geography (2015) 58 # 1 pp: 11-26.
- Miyares, Ines M. "From the Exclusive Covenant to Ethnic Hyperdiversity in Jackson Heights, Queens *." Geographic Reviews (2004) 94 # 4 pp: 462-483.
- History of Queens County, New York (WW Munsell, 1882)
External links
- Official History page from the Queens Borough Presidential Office
- La Guardia and Wagner Archives/Queens Local History Collection
- They Came from Queens. A long list compiled by the Queens Tribune.
- Buzz Queens
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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