In the United States, reform school is a penitentiary, generally for teenagers. In Britain and its colonies reformation was established from 1830 onwards for children convicted of crimes as an alternative to adult prisons. In parallel, "Industrial school" was established for homeless people and children in need of protection. Both were 'certified' by the government from 1850, and by 1930 they had merged and both were 'approved' and became approved schools. They are different from crystals, (1902-1982 England) - which, juvenile jail is closed.
Video Reform school
Histori
The social reformers in America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries almost always found fault with the usual practice of treating teen criminals that are essentially the same as adult criminals. It is recognized that adolescents are often sexually exploited by older inmates and that they often receive instruction in more advanced and serious criminal ways by criminals who are tightened with little regard for law, public morals, or even human life. As a result, instead of their punishment serving as a future deterrent to crime, many juvenile offenders emerge from prison far worse than when they were first sentenced.
Reforms, adopted much more easily in some countries than others, consist of a two-pronged approach: separate adolescent code and juvenile courts for offenders who have not reached the age of majority, and separate institutional development for juvenile delinquents (the term "criminal" stigma "does not used). Since the primary purpose of these institutions is to be rehabilitative rather than punishment, they are designated as "reform schools". For the most part, these institutions are custodians.
In Britain, reformatory schools are provided for criminal children while industrial schools are meant to prevent vulnerable children from becoming criminals. There is an increased perception of juvenile delinquency in the early 19th century; whereas in rural economies very young children can get paid jobs doing tasks such as scaring birds and collecting stones these opportunities are not available in cities. Young people are visible on the streets. In 1816, Parliament established a 'Committee for the Investigation of Increasing Concerns in Metropolitan Crimes', in 1837 author Charles Dickens published Oliver Twist a story about a child involved in street gangs. and in 1847 it was recognized in the Teenage Breach Act of 1847, that children under 14 years should be tried in a special court rather than an adult court. Begging and wandering full, and it is a low-level low crime that causes judges to send vulnerable children to industrial schools to study diligently, and learn skills that will make them more workable.
More serious crimes require punishment in an environment far removed from older detainees followed by education to reform their ways. The power to establish such an establishment was granted in the 1854 Youthful Offenders Act (the Reformatory Schools Act). It provides financial support and support for reformative schools as an alternative prison. Industrial schools were regulated three years later by 1857 acting industry schools.
In the 1950s and 1960s, many of the same problems that occurred with former juvenile jail system along with adults began to be noticed in reform schools - older adolescents exploited the younger, sexually and otherwise, and the younger took more hard, usually older offenders as role models and mentors. Also, the term "school of reform" itself, originally intended as destigmatization, has developed its own stigma.
Maps Reform school
Modern look
Currently, no country is openly or officially referring to juvenile prisons as "reform schools", although these institutions still exist. This effort has also been made to reduce the populations of these institutions to the greatest extent possible, and to leave all but the most irreparable young men in the home environment. Also, in an attempt to make the situation more socially normal, and in response to the increasing number of young female offenders, many such institutions have been coeducational.
The current approach involves minimizing the use of custodial institutions and maximizing the use of less restrictive arrangements that allow youth to stay in their own homes, usually while attending during the day at an institution called alternative or similar schools, which is usually the school version a more structured country. There may be a trial period monitored by a court or other restrictions, such as a strict curfew applied to a customer "Department of Youth Services" or whatever the state term is, rather than to other youth of the same age.
In the United States, the most famous facility that meets the general criteria for English-language "reform schools" labeled Lincoln Hills School near Merrill, Wisconsin (mentioned in the episode of the ever popular TV series) Paku Kayu Paku >) and Preston School of Industry in Ione, California. The first publicly funded reform school in the United States is the State Reform School for Children in Westborough, Massachusetts. Opened in 1848.
In Denmark, secondary schools continue to be used as reforming schools because they are much cheaper than juvenile detention centers, while the success rate is almost the same. Currently, there are no national guidelines on the severity of crimes imposed on children; nor is there any guidance to assist in the decision to send them to reform school in the first place, because every city or jurisdiction has its own household budget and budget. Children accused of making bomb threats end up in places like that.
See also
- Alternative school
- Advanced High School
- George Junior Republic
- Renaissance House for Teens
- Therapeutic boarding school
References
External links
- Ã, "School of Updates". Encyclopedia Americana . 1920.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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