Sic

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Latin Adverbia sic ("so", "same as": full: sic closely scriptum , "so written") inserted after word or quote cited indicates that the quoted material has been transcribed or translated exactly as found in the source text, complete with incorrect or outdated spelling, shocking statements, error of reasoning, or anything else that might be considered transcriptional error.

The usual use is to inform the reader that a real error or error in the quoted material does not arise from an error in the transcription process, but is deliberately reproduced, exactly as it appears in the source text. Generally placed inside square brackets to indicate that it is not part of the problem quoted.

Sic can also be used roughly by proofreaders, to draw attention to misspelled or incorrect logic spelling errors, or to show general disapproval or dislike of material.

Video Sic

Etymology and historical usage

Although sometimes misidentified as abbreviated, sic is a Latin word description used in English as an adverb, and, derivatively, as a noun and a verb.

The word sic , meaning "deliberately written", first appeared in English around 1856. It comes from the Latin word s? C , which means "so, thus, in this way".

According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the verbal form sic , which means "to mark with sic ", appeared in 1889, E. Belfort Jobs Bax < span> in Ethics of Socialism being the first example.

Etymology wrong

Sometimes, sic has been misinterpreted as an acronym (and hence sometimes misspelled with termination/full period): "s.i.c." are said to stand for "spelled in context", "word in copy", "spelling is right", "spelled wrong", and other people's etymological phrases. This is all wrong and only backronym from sic .

Maps Sic

The modern usage

The use of sic greatly increased in the mid-twentieth century. For example, in court opinion of US states prior to 1944, sic appeared 1,239 times in the Westlaw database; in 1945 to 1990, appeared 69,168 times. "Poor usage" as a form of mockery, inappropriate or otherwise, has been cited as a major factor in this increase.

The use of "immoderate" from sic has created some controversy, leading several editors, including bibliographic scholar Simon Nowell-Smith and literary critic Leon Edel, to speak out against it.

Conventional usage

Sic , in parentheses, is most often incorporated into quoted or reprinted material to indicate meticulous accuracy in reproducing the preceding text, despite appearances for erroneous or unusual orthography readers (spelling, punctuation, grammar, syntax, facts, logic, etc.). Some usage guidelines suggest that brackets sic are used primarily as an aid to the reader, and not as an indicator of disagreement with the source.

To show archaisms and dialects

A sic may indicate that unusual or old-fashioned expressions are reported faithfully, as when quoting the US Constitution: "The House of Representatives will imply their Speaker. the writing guidelines do not advocate their use with regard to dialect, as in the case of English and American English spelling differences. The appearance of brackets sic after the word analyzing on the cover of the book makes Bryan A. Garner comment, "... all quoters (or over-zealous editors) are shown ignorance of language use English ".

Wordplay

Various word games using the word sic are possible, arising either from its secondary meaning, "attacking", or from homophonenya sick . For example, "Bad grammar makes me [sic]" displayed in games and postcards.

In a different tone, a letter to the American Journal of Roentgenology states that overuse of sic as a kind of linguistic discrimination against non-native English writers "may cause readers to become 'sick with your sic ' ".

Form of mockery

The use of sic can be seen as an attraction to mock, whether intentional or not, as it highlights perceived perversions. The application of sic with a view to underestimation has been termed "malicious use" because it reflects a "false sense of superiority" in its users. The following example from The Times London shows how interpolation sic can discredit the quoted statement.

The warehouse has been around for 30 years and has 263 stores, showing a huge fan base. The chain summarizes its appeal as follows: "styley [sic], confident, sexy, glamorous, edgy, clean and individual, with fingers [sic] in fashion pulsation."

"Electronic use"

Sometimes a writer puts [ sic ] after their own words, to show that the language has been deliberately chosen for special effects, especially where the author's ironic meaning is otherwise unclear. Bryan A. Garner dubbed this use of ironic "sic", gives the following example from Fred Rodell 's 1955 book Nine Men :

[I] in 1951, it was a blessing awarded to the prosecution of Justice Harold Medina of the eleven persons referred to as the "Top Native Communist", which means to bless giving the Smith Act the constitutionality of the constitution.

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Format

Where sic follows the quote, brackets are required: [ sic ]. The word sic is usually treated as a loan word that does not require italicizing, and style manuals from New Zealand, Australia and the British media generally do not require italization. However, italicization is common in the United States, where the authorities include WHAT Style insists on it.

Since sic is not an abbreviation, it puts a full stop/period in parentheses after the word sic is incorrect, although at least one style guide suggests arranging it as a parenthetical sentence only when used after the full sentence, such as: (Sic). Sometimes followed by an exclamation point, may show more criticism.

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Criticism

The use of sic has been noted for its potential to bring linguistic discrimination. A letter written for the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) has been cited in the French peer journal Journal de Radiologie, highlighting how clear prejudice among English-language journals might lead to a degree higher denial of the scientific paper from francophone writers - attention because English is lingua franca for drugs. In the letter, AJR was criticized for its frequent insertion when issuing letters written by French and Japanese authors even though its correspondence acceptance policy reserves copy-editing rights, which can therefore be used advantageously to correct minor English mistakes made by non-English speakers. In response, Lee F. Rogers, Editor-in-Chief of AJR , apologized for possible discriminatory interpretations and offered the following explanation for his decision to include sic on several occasions rather than copy- edit:

It is true that our script editors usually correct errors in the use of English to ensure reader comprehension and to avoid embarrassing to our non-English speaking authors. However, due to the seriousness of the allegations being addressed, we believe that word-for-word quotes are necessary. In such circumstances, we do not think it is right for us to assume the meaning of misspelled words or the intent of the corresponding author.

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Alternative

Substitution

Some guides, including the Chicago Style Manual , recommend "quiet editing" (unless otherwise inappropriate or uncertain) instead of entering the sic brackets, such as by replacing the word brackets which is true as a substitute for the wrong word or simply by replacing the wrong spelling with the correct one.

Recte

Alternatively, to indicate original and suggested corrections (as they are often in paleography), one can give the actual form, followed by recte , then the corrected form, in parentheses. The Latin recte means correctly .

An Iraqi battalion has been using [ recte assuming] control over previous US military bases, and our troops are now about 40 minutes outside the city.

According to the Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music Style Sheet , there should be no punctuation, for example no colons, before the corrected word when using recte .

Read

The third alternative is to follow an error with sic , a comma or a colon, "read", and the correct reading, all in square brackets, as in the following example:

'Plan room with Evinghews [sic: read Evening News] Printing job and ignored by St. Giles House University Hall '

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See also

• List of Latin phrases
• Sic et Non
• Sic semper tyrannis
• Sic transit gloria mundi
• Stet
• dictated but not read
• viz.

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia