Disorder of written expression

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Written expressions impairment is a type of learning disability in which a person's writing ability drops substantially below the expected normal range based on the individual's age, educational background, and measured intelligence. Poor writing skills should interfere significantly with academic progress or daily activities that involve written expression (spelling, grammar, handwriting, punctuation, word usage, etc.). This disorder also generally coincides with reading and/or math disorders, as well as behavioral disorders. Because it is often associated with learning disorders and other mental problems, it is uncertain whether it can appear by itself. The prevalence of impaired written expression is thought to have the same frequency as other learning disorders, between 3 - 5%. Diagnosis can be made based on multiple assessment results.

Video Disorder of written expression

Symptoms

• Double spelling error
• Errors in grammar and punctuation
• Very bad or unreadable writing
• Sentences that do not have cohesion
• Reluctance or rejection to complete writing assignments
• Anxiety or frustration (breaking pencil, tearing homework,)

Maps Disorder of written expression

Cause

The specific cause of this disorder is unknown. The interaction of physical, psychological, and environmental factors is thought to contribute to the disruption of written expression. In neuropsychological and neurobiological studies, several studies have shown evidence that abnormally high levels of testosterone and abnormalities in cognitive processes (visual-motor, linguistic, attention, and memory) are considered to play a role in cases of learning disorders. The impact of brain injury on children and adults can disrupt this cognitive process.

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Treatment

Although distractions to written expression skills can be a difficult and lasting problem from childhood to adulthood, different types of care and support can help individuals with this disorder to use strategies and skills in the home and school environment. These include remedial education tailored to enhance specific skills, provide specialized academic services in the learning environment, and address concurrent health and mental problems. Sometimes it is necessary to cultivate motivational techniques to maintain motivation and minimize negative thoughts or feelings. Using any modifications necessary to overcome failure fears in the early stages of write mediation is greatly encouraged because children with learning disabilities often experience low self-esteem and confidence, which can further interfere with learning and academic success.

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Assessment

• Written and Written Language Scale (OWLS)
• Test of Adolescent and Adult Language-3 (TOAL-3)
• Initial written Language Test
• Written Expression Test (TOWE)
• Written Language Test-3 (TOWL-3)
• Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery-Revised, Test of Achievement
• Individual Weschler Achievement Test (WIAT)

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Another flaw often associated with a written expression interruption

• Dyslexia
• Inability to read
• Expressive language disorder
• Mathematical error
• Developmental coordination disorder
• Traumatic brain injury

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia