Sandal Castle is a destroyed medieval castle at Sandal Magna, a suburb of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, overlooking the Calder River. It was the site of royal intrigue and setting for a scene in one of William Shakespeare's plays.
Video Sandal Castle
Histori
The Warennes
William de Warenne, the 2nd Earl of Surrey (1081-1138) was awarded a Slipper plantation in 1107. The 2nd earl built the first Sandal Wooden Castle. He supported Robert Curthose against Henry I and was expelled from the kingdom for two years. Then he was given a Wakefield manor. William de Warenne, the 3rd Earl of Surrey (1119-1148) spent a little time in Sandals, having taken the vows of the cross and joined the Second Crusade. He had a daughter, Isabel de Warenne (1137-1199), who married William of Blois, son of King Stephen, who became the 4th earl. He died in 1159 for having no children. Isabel, his widow, married the next Hamelin (1129-1202), the fifth earl. He was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and assumed the name of Warren at his marriage in 1164. Hamelin allegedly had built an early Norman stone fort at Conisbrough Castle and also began replacing a wooden castle in Sandals with stones.
William de Warenne, the 5th Earle of Surrey (1166-1240) married Maud Marshal in 1225. He was loyal to his cousin, King John and was one of the four nobles whose names appeared in Magna Carta for John. On the death of King John in 1216 he supported Henry III. Maud de Warenne, William's widow, held Wakefield Manor from 1240 until their son John de Warenne, the 6th Earle of Surrey (1231-1304) appeared in 1252. John married Alice de Lusignan in 1247. & lt;/ref & gt; In 1296 the 6th Earl was appointed warden for Scotland by Edward I and in 1299, Earl and his royal wins over Scotland at the Battle of Falkirk.
William de Warrene (1256-1286) was killed in a tournament in his father's pre-fraud Croydon. His son, John de Warenne, the 7th Earl of Surrey (1286-1347) was born in the year of his death. John married Joan of Bar but lived with Maud de Nereford from a village near Castle Acre in Norfolk. In 1347, the 7th Earl died. His son, John and Thomas, became the Hospitaller Knight of the Holy Land, ahead of their mother. The lands passed to Edward III.
Warennes has a castle in Lewes in Sussex and Reigate in Surrey, Castle Acre Castle in Norfolk and Conisbrough in Yorkshire.
The Dukes of York
In 1347, Edward III gave Sandals to his fifth son Edmund of Langley who was six years old at the time. The eldest brother, John of Gaunt, holds the Pontefract and Knaresborough Castles, Edmund is given Wark Castle near Coldstream in Scottish Borders, and at 1377 Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire which will be his home, and for the next 75 years the family seems to have spent little time in Slippers, leave it to constable management or stewards. In 1385 Edmund was appointed the Duke of York in exchange for his support for his nephew, Richard II of England. He was succeeded by his son, also Edward who campaigned in Ireland and died at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. Edward was succeeded by his niece, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York.
Battle of Wakefield
At the beginning of 1460, during the Rose War, Richard Plantagenet made an offer to ascend the throne. He was not initially well received, but the Deed of Conformity made in October 1460 recognizes him as the heir to the throne and renamed it the Nature Protector. In December Richard went to Sandal Castle, either to consolidate his position or to counter the Lancastrian dissent. He has an army of 3,000-8,000 people but on December 30th in the Battle of Wakefield, he was outnumbered and defeated by Queen Margaret's troops, coming from nearby Pontefract. Richard suffered a devastating defeat and he and his younger son Edmund, Earl of Rutland were killed (though only two months later Richard's eldest son, Edward, became king).
Richard III
The last brush of the castle with royalty came in 1483 when Richard's eighth son (and twelfth son) Richard III chose him as the northern base and ordered some significant investments. This hope was short-lived but when Richard was killed in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. After this, the castle was preserved slightly, but gradually declined, with the construction of Wakefield Prison in the 1590s that made it even less useful.
English Civil War
As long as the English Civil Sandals Castle is a Royalist, even though its neglected country let it out of the big conflict. In 1645, he was besieged at least three times by Parliamentary forces. Butler recounts: Ã,: Having been assured that they would receive a safe journey to Welbeck House in northern Nottinghamshire, they handed over the castle at 10 o'clock on October 1, 1645. The garrison then became 10 officers and 90 men with two men called "seniors "implying that they are professional soldiers rather than just non-commissioning officers. They also handed over 100 muskets, 50 spears, 20 spears, 150 swords and two barrels of gunpowder: no artillery pieces were mentioned. As a result of this capitulation only Bolton Castle at Wensleydale and Skipton Castle remained in the hands of the Kingdom in Yorkshire, but Sandals "were the most assertive of all three northern garrisons" and his downfall caused great excitement among the parliamentary forces.
At the end of this siege the castle is a ruin. The following year, Parliament ordered that it be made untenable.
Maps Sandal Castle
Castle
The castles built by William the Conqueror's followers are self-contained forts, some of which are tax collection points, some controlling large cities, crossing rivers or through hills. Two castles were built near Wakefield, one in Lowe Hill on the northern edge of Calder and Sandals on the south bank. The first castle probably began and was completed in the early 12th century by William de Warenne, the 2nd Earl of Surrey after he was given the Wakefield manor by Henry I.
Sandals and Lowe Hill are motte-and-bailey earth castles with wooden towers above mounds and baileys with wooden palisades and deep trenches. Sandals are built on a natural sandstone ridge, Oaks Rock. Motte was raised to 10 meters (33 feet) with a 7 inches (23 feet) deep trench around it. Only Sandals survive and during the 13th century, curtain walls and other buildings rebuilt in stone may have started by the sixth or seventh Earls Warenne. Motte and bailey palaces are often converted into stone if they are used for a long time; Sandals are a great example for this.
The sticks are circular with four towers each four high levels; two of them close together form a gate, and the east tower contains a well, 37 meters (121Ã, ft) deep. Double-walled guards will have a guard room, barn and housekeeping quarters on the ground floor, the main hall above and a private apartment on the second floor. The tower rooms have garderobes (lavatories) dumped on the outer wall of storage space. The curtain wall was 6 meters (20 feet) high with walls running along its length, it was covered in bailey and crossed the moat twice to reach the keep.
The barbican in Sandals is inside the bailey, it is a three-story tower with a moat across two drum towers at the entrance to keep everything built in the early 1270s. The barbican with its own gate and portcullis adds an extra line of defense between the main entrance gate and guard. Attackers entering the barbican must turn right to enter the retaining wall protected by a tug-of-war bridge between the drum towers. A ladder from a barbican leads to a sally harbor, a hidden entrance near a ditch from which a sudden attack can be done.
The bailey lying in the south east guard with the main gate on the north east side. It is crescent-shaped, about 71 meters (long 233Ã, ft) and 52 meters (171Ã, ft) wide. Inside the bailey there is a well as deep as 12 meters (39 feet) and two private tunnels, one of which is 8 meters (26 feet).
Ruins
The ruins are a source of stone for local buildings and become a place for the locals to relax. They were depicted in the foreground of Wakefield's image from the south by Samuel Buck in 1719 or 1722, and in 1753 an engraving was published from an Elizabethan survey picture.
The ruins were first unearthed by the Yorkshire Archaeological Society in 1893. A more detailed project began in the summer of 1964 and is a partnership between Wakefield Corporation, the Wakefield Historical Society, and the University of Leeds. The project started as an experiment in adult education, but with the help of over a hundred local volunteers, the project developed into a complete and strict excavation that continued for nine years. While digging up bailey, archaeologists uncovered the remains of stone tools suggesting the Mesolithic encampment was around 5,000 BC.
In 2003 a timber road was provided to allow access to the motte peaks without causing erosion which was then closed as unsafe access. The visitor center is built about 110 yards (100 m) from the castle. There is a re-show of history and days of "life history", including warnings of the Battle of Wakefield and the death of Richard Duke of York and his son Edmund. In February 2015, the Wakefield Council announced that due to budget constraints they considered plans to close down the visitor center or reduce the opening hours. The center has been closed
The castle is a Scheduled Monument, which means a historic building and a "national importance" archaeological site that has been given protection against unauthorized changes. It is also a Grade II * registered building.
References to literature and people
Shakespeare's play Henry VI, Part 3 (Act 1, Scene 2) is set in Sandal Castle. It depicts the sons of Richard who urged him to take the crown before news was brought about by Margaret's approach. Round 1, scene 4 later describes Richard's death at the hands of the Queen. This brief fictional report has little resemblance to history as we understand it today. This drama is sometimes performed in the castle ruins.
See also
- Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
- List of castles in England
References
Note
Bibliography
External links
- Source for Sandal Castle
- Visitor information
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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