The FV4201 Chieftain was the main battle tank from England during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The main battle tanks were further enhanced by being the first tanks in service to incorporate the Chobham armor upgrade.
The development of Centurion, Chieftain introduces a supine position (reclining backwards) driver to a British design that allows highly curved hulls with reduced height. The new powerpack and enhanced transmission gave him higher speeds than Centurion though heavier due to massive upgrades of armor and armament protection. It remains in service until it is replaced by Challenger 1 which shares a large number of Chieftain features.
Video Chieftain (tank)
Development
The tribal chief is an evolutionary development of a successful cruiser line that emerged at the end of the Second World War. Its predecessor, Centurion's main battle tank, is widely regarded as one of the most successful postwar postwar MBT designs. However, the introduction of Soviet IS-3/IS-4 heavy tanks together with the Soviet T-54/T-55 forced the introduction of their own Conqueror heavy tanks armed with a 120 mm (4.7 inch) pistol. A single design that combines the Conqueror's 120 mm gunfire with mobility and the general purpose of Centurion is considered an ideal combination.
Leyland, who had been involved in Centurion tanks, had built their new tank design prototype in 1956 and this led to the War Office specification for the new tank. The General Staff specification refers to the experience of the Centurion tanks in the Korean War as well as the Conqueror's tanks. The tank is expected to be able to attack the enemy from a distance, from a defensive position, and become evidence against medium artillery. For this purpose the gun has a depression angle greater than 8 degrees Conqueror and will be equipped with better frontal armor. The tank is expected to reach a 10-round firing rate per minute in the first minute and six per minute for the next four.
Some of the first prototypes were provided for troop trials from 1959 that identified a number of changes. Improvements to overcome engine vibration and cooling result in a redesign of the hull. This increases the design weight to nearly 50 tons and hence the suspension (which has been designed for 45 tonnes) is amplified. Track pads should be installed to protect the road from damage and increased ground clearance. This design was accepted in the early 1960s.
Britain and Israel have collaborated in development in the latter stages with a view to buying Israel and producing vehicles domestically. Two prototypes were sent as part of a four-year trial. However, it was finally decided not to sell the marque to Israel (because, in the period of time in the late 1960s, Britain was more friendly to Arab and Jordanian countries than to Israel), which prompted them to follow in their own footsteps. development program.
In 1957, NATO had determined that its troops should use a multi-fuel engine. The initial BL engine is shipped about 450 bhp (340 kW) into the sprocket, which means the highest road speed is around 25 mph (40 km/h) and cross-country performance is limited. This is further hampered by the Horstmann exhaust spring suspension, which makes it a challenge for cross-country driving and provides crew with comfortable travel. Because the cylinder layer is mounted pressure, the fluid leak in the cylinder block is common, so white smoke billowing from the exhaust.
In the late 1970s, the design of the engine changed with the introduction of Belzona used to improve the seal layer. The engine output also increases, with the machines then sending 850 bhp (630 kW) to the sprocket. This means better performance and increased speed. However, cross-country performance remains limited.
Several aspects of the Chieftain design were tested by the production of the "40-ton Centurion" FV4202 with the lying driver's position and the mounting of the mantletless gun.
Maps Chieftain (tank)
Design
Chieftain designs include very heavy hulls and turrets that greatly improve the effective thickness of the frontal armor - 388 mm (15.3 in) on the glacis (from the actual thickness of 120 mm (4.7 inches)) and 390 mm (15.4 in) at turret (from 195 mm (7.7 inches)). It has a tower without a tower to take full advantage of lying the vehicle up to ten degrees in a down hull position.
For safety reasons the earliest prototypes had a canvas screen covering the mantlet and sheet metal box mounted on top of the glacis tilt plate to disguise the vehicle configuration.
The driver lies in the stomach when the hatch is closed which helps reduce the profile of the front glacial plate. Commander, gunner and loader are in the tower. To the left side of the turret is a large floodlight with infra-red capabilities in armored homes.
The Leyland L60 engine is a two-stroke piston design intended for multi-fuel use so it can run on any available fuel. In practice the machine does not provide expected and unreliable power, is estimated to have a 90% damage rate but improvements are introduced to overcome this. Major issues include cylinder liner failure, fan fan issues and persistent leakage due to poor vibrations and pipes being diverted. However, as the engine power increases the tank itself becomes heavier.
The tank is driven by a conventional tiller that hydraulically moves to an external disc brake. The disk works through an epicyclic gearbox that provides a "regenerative" steering wheel. The Merritt-Brown TN12 triple-differential gearbox is operated by motorcycle style by kicking/kicking the "peg" on the left, which drives the electro-hydraulic unit in the gearbox, the accelerator cable operated by the right foot. In the turret, the loader is on the left and the shooter to the right of the gun with the commander is located behind the shooter. The suspension is a Horstmann bogie type with a large side plate to protect the track and provides immediate protection from empty charge attacks.
The main armament is a 120 mm L11A5 rigid rifle. This differs from the current main tank arsenal as it uses projectiles and loads separately, compared to one fixed round. The charge was wrapped in a combustible bag. Another tank gun like the 120mm L1 pistol on Conqueror, is needed to keep the spent cartridge shell out or remove it outside. Flammable costs are stored in 36 holes surrounded by a pressurized water/glycol mixture - so-called "wet storage". In the event of a collision penetrating the combat compartment, the jacket will burst to wet the load and prevent the explosion of the disaster propellant. Since there is no shell box, the charge shooting is done by a vented tube that is automatically loaded from a ten-lap magazine on the breech. Because of the length of the rifle, which requires balance, and the need for storage space, the turret has a large overhang to the rear. It contains radio, ammunition and fire control equipment and has further external storage.
The rifle can fire a variety of ammunition but the most commonly loaded type is the high explosive explosive head (HESH), the sabot that damages the armor (APDS), or practicing the equivalent of rotation for both types. Chieftain can store up to 64 projectiles (although a maximum of 36 APDS, limited by propellant storage). The gun is fully stable with a fully computerized integrated control system. The secondary armament consists of a 7.62 mm L8A1 coaxial machine gun and another 7.62 mm machine gun mounted on the commander's domes. The advantage of using two-piece ammunition is that in the case of an inert spin like APDS, the loader can reach the next round and hold it in his lap, ready to load while the shooter gets the target and fires. This practice increases the fire rate but will be dangerous with one piece of ammunition.
Chieftain has a NBC protection system that Centurion does not own.
The initial fire-control system (FCS) is Marconi FV/GCE Mk 4. A.50-inch (12.7 mm) gun mounted on the main gun (with 300 rounds available). The fired shot reaches a maximum of 2,600 yards (2,400 m), where the tracking point in rotation revolves on fire even though the high explosive tip still creates a "spark" seen on the impact. The commander of the tank has a rotating dome with nine sight blocks - giving a rounded view, plus a 7.62 mm machine gun and an infrared (IR) capable weapon projector. A system intended to be provided to shooters and tank commanders; they have 1x or 10x magnification power to choose from, increased to x15 in Mk5 and so on, and they are replaced with IR vision systems for night operations (3x power magnification). The commander can rotate the dome to bring his view to the target and then involve a mechanism that brings the turret in the right direction so that the shooter can accomplish the goal.
Command controls have the ability to over-ride on shooters.
The left side of the turret has a large floodlight with an electrically controlled infra-red filter inside a steel-coated box, with a relatively long range - up to 1-1.5 kilometers (0.62-0.93 mi).
From the early 1970s, the 3/3 Mk version replaced the starting rifle with laser rangefinders Barr and Stroud LF-2 with a distance of 10 km (6.2 miles). This engagement allows for a much longer range, and can also be linked to fire control systems, allowing faster engagement and target changes.
In the next model, fire control is provided by Marconi IFCS (Improved Fire Control System), using a digital ballistic computer. The increase was not completed until the end of 1980, when some examples (but not the majority) had IR spotlight replaced by TOGS. Many later examples were using the Stillbrew armor, which was intended to defeat the Soviet tank weapons of 125 mm and heavy anti-tank missiles. This became the version of Mark 13.
Services
Chieftain complemented the British unit of the British Army on the Rhine (BAOR) during the Cold War defending West Germany against a possible Warsaw Pact attack.
Like its European competitors, Chieftain discovers a large export market in the Middle East, but unlike Centurion, it is not adopted by any other NATO or Commonwealth country.
Chieftain proved able to fight and can be improved, both for overall improvement and to meet local requirements. It was continuously upgraded until the early 1990s, when it was replaced by Challenger 1. The latest Chieftain version, used by the British Army until 1995, included "Stillbrew" armor named after Colonel Still and John Brewer of Military Vehicles and Establishment Techniques (MVEE) , Improved Fire Control System (IFCS) and Thermal Rifle Observation (TOGS). The last British regiment equipped with Chieftain was the First Royal Tank Regiment, based in Aliwal Barracks, Tidworth.
The first model was introduced in 1967. Chieftain is supplied to at least six countries, including Iran, Kuwait, Oman and Jordan. The deal for sales to Israel and local production was canceled by the British Government in 1969, despite numerous Israeli technical and tactical inputs into tank development, particularly the capacity to operate successfully in desert environments, and provisions for tanks to make good use of lower hull positions. Two examples were sent to and extensively tested by the Israeli Armored Corps. This experience encouraged the creation of a genuine Merkava Israel, a development program led by General Israel Tal, who has worked with the British in the Anglo-Israeli chief project. The biggest foreign sales were to Iran, which, on the recommendation of General Tal, took delivery of 707 Mk-3P and Mk-5P (the letter P stands for Persian), as well as 187 FV4030-1, 41 ARVs and 14 AVLBs before the 1979 revolution. further than the FV4030-2 (Shir 1) and FV4030-3 (Shir 2) series that are more capable of being canceled at that time.
In the Middle East, Chaveft sees all its operational experiences. First, it was used extensively by Iran during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88, including the largest battle tank battles, with mixed results such as Chieftain Mk 3/5 suffering from chronic machine problems and low power-to-weight ratios, making Chieftain unreliable and slow when maneuvering in harsh terrain, which in turn makes it vulnerable to damage in the midst of battles or sluggish targets and thus vulnerable to enemy tank fire. Chieftain continues to operate in Iran, the Mobarez tank being an improved local version.
Kuwait and Bridge Battle
Kuwait has 143 chieftains on the eve of Iraq's 1990 Iraq Invasion. Thirty-seven Rulers of the 35th Kuwaiti Steel Armored Brigade battled at the Battle of the Bridge against elements of the Hammurabi division and Iraq Medina before retreating from the Saudi border. No brigade tanks were lost in combat, and the 35th Armored Brigade (known as Al-Fatah) became part of the Eastern Combined Command troop during the 1991 Gulf War and returned to Kuwait unbeaten..
The remainder of the Kuwaiti Tribe's head is destroyed or captured. After the liberation of Kuwait, the elder Chieftain was replaced by Yugoslavia M-84.
Specifications
- Crew: 4
- Combat Weight: 55 tons
- Overall length: 10.8m (35Ã, ft 5.2Ã, in) forward gun
- Length paid: 7.5 m (under 24.3 m)
- Height: 2.9 m (9Ã, ft 6.2 inches)
- Width: 3.5 m (11 x ft 5.8 inches)
- Powerplant: Leyland L60 (multi-diesel ignition diesel ignition) 695 bhp (518 kW)
- Range: 500Ã, km (310Ã, mi)
- Maximum road speed: 48 km/h (30 mph)
- Cross-country speed: 30 km/h (19 mph)
- Armor: front turret, 195Ã, mm (7.7 inches) RHA (60Ã, Â °)
- Armament
- the 120 mm L11A5 tank gun is shaken
- Fire value: 10 revolutions per minute for the first minute and 6 afterwards.
- Elevation: -10 to 20 degrees
- Laser reconnaissance
- Coaxial L8A1 7.62 mm machine gun
- Cupola-mount L37A1 7.62mm machine gun
Mark 1 and Mark 2 models have a.50 inch (12.7 mm) Browning coaxial machine gun before the introduction of laser rangefinder.
- Tools
- Twin Clansman VRC 353 VHF Radio set (1979 and so on)
- 1 C42 1 B47 Larkspur VHF radio (pre 1979)
- 2 X 6-barrel smoke exhaust in the turret
- Bulldozer blades (optional - mounted to one tank per squadron)
Variant
- Chieftain Mk 1
- 40 training vehicles for 1965-1966. Issued for 1 RTR and 5 RTR for troop testing.
- Chieftain Mk 2
- First service model with 650Ã, hp engine.
- Chieftain Mk 3
- Extra tools installed so as to cause some sub marks. New dome.
- Chieftain Mk.5
- Final production variant, with upgrades to engine and NBC protection systems.
- Chieftain Mk.6-9
- Gradual increase to Previous tank marks, including the addition of Clansman radio.
- Chieftain Mk.10
- Mark 9 upgrade, adding the Stillbrew Crew Protection Pack to the front turret and turret ring.
- Chieftain Mk.11
- Mark 10 upgrade, the spotlight is replaced with the Thermal Observation and Gunnery System (TOGS), manufactured by Barr and Stroud.
- Chieftain Mk.12/13
- Propose a further increase, canceled when Challenger 1 was introduced.
- Chieftain 800
- Chieftain with Chobham armor and new power train
- Chieftain 900
- Chieftain with Chobham armor, new power train, and Centaur fire control system
- FV4205 AVLB
- Vehicle buoy bridge
- FV4204 ARV/ARRV
- Armored Recovery Vehicle, Armored Recovery, and Vehicle Repair.
- AVIE Chieftain
- Armored Vehicle Royal Engineers, a variant of British Army combat techniques used by Royal Engineers.
- Chieftain Marksman
- self-propelled anti-aircraft gun version, equipped with an angel twin gun spear.
- Chieftain Mineclearer
- Development of mine clearance.
- Chieftain Saber
- Twin til AA 30 mm.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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